Neuroimmune communication of the cholinergic system in gut inflammation and autoimmunity.

Neuroimmune communication in the body forms a bridge between two central regulatory systems of the body, i.e., nervous and immune systems.

Is gender a factor in socioeconomic disparities in undiagnosed, and untreated hypertension in Bangladesh?

Our objectives were to ascertain the following: (1) the prevalence and socioeconomic distribution of hypertension (HTN), undiagnosed for HTN, and untreated cases of HTN-diagnosed individuals; (2) the relationship between SES and the prevalence of HTN, undiagnosed for HTN, and untreated for HTN; and (3) whether sex moderate this association. Data from the 2017-18 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey were used. 11,776 participants who were 18 years of age or older responded to our analysis.

Impact of Social Restrictions During COVID-19 on the Aquatic Levels of Antimicrobials and Other Drugs in Delhi.

The relative contribution of factors responsible for the environmental exposure of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is of interest for appropriate remedial measures. This study was carried out to evaluate the post-lockdown levels of APIs in water resources, in comparison to our previously published study from 2016. The environmental levels of 28 drugs from different classes were analyzed in surface water (Yamuna River), aquifers, and leachate samples collected from 26 locations in Delhi-NCR using the previously validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods.

Analysis and remediation of phthalates in aquatic matrices: current perspectives.

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are high production volume chemicals used extensively as plasticizers, to increase the flexibility of the main polymer. They are reported to leach into their surroundings from plastic products and are now a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Phthalate levels have been determined in several environmental matrices, especially in water.

Bioprospecting Microalgae from Sewage Water: Assessment of Biochemicals for Biomass Utilization.

Microalgal species from sewage treatment plant were identified by 18S rRNA sequencing and were explored for total lipids, carbohydrate, and protein contents, to serve as a potential candidate for biorefinery. Seven unicellular microalgae were identified as Chlorella sorokiniana, Dictyosphaerium sp., Graesiella emersonii belonging to Chlorellaceae and Scenedesmus sp.

Evaluation of ADRB2 and OATP2A1 genetic polymorphisms in Indian patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

The emergence of adrenergic β2-receptor (ADRB2) blockers has revolutionized glaucoma treatment, while the discovery of prostaglandin analogs has further expanded therapeutic options. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2A1 (OATP2A1/SLCO2A1) facilitates the corneal transport of topical prostaglandins into anterior segment of eye. Our study aims to elucidate the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in the ADRB2 and OATP2A1 to address variations in therapeutic responses among glaucoma patients.

Development and Analytical Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Electrochemical Biosensor for Rapid and Accurate SARS-CoV-2 Detection.

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the critical need for rapid and accurate screening and diagnostic methods for potential respiratory viruses. Existing COVID-19 diagnostic approaches face limitations either in terms of turnaround time or accuracy. In this study, we present an electrochemical biosensor that offers nearly instantaneous and precise SARS-CoV-2 detection, suitable for point-of-care and environmental monitoring applications.

Untargeted metabolomics in the aqueous humor reveals the involvement of TAAR pathway in glaucoma.

Understanding the metabolic dysfunctions and underlying complex pathological mechanisms of neurodegeneration in glaucoma could help discover disease pathways, identify novel biomarkers, and rationalize newer therapeutics. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the local metabolomic alterations in the aqueous humor and plasma of primary glaucomatous patients. This study cohort comprised primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and cataract control groups.

Smart Farming Revolution: Portable and Real-Time Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Monitoring for Sustainable Agriculture.

Precision agriculture is crucial for ensuring food security in a growing global population. Nutrients, their presence, concentration, and effectiveness, are key components in data-driven agriculture. Assessing macro and micro-nutrients, as well as factors such as water and pH, helps determine soil fertility, which is vital for supporting healthy plant growth and high crop yields.

To compare the efficacy of various organic solvents on retrievability of Biodentine and their effect on microhardness of Biodentine and radicular dentin: An study.

Background: Rotary and ultrasonic instruments are not appreciable in the complete removal of Biodentine from root canals. Therefore, organic solvents can be used as an adjunct for its retrieval.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 10% citric acid, 2% acetic acid, and 20% tartaric acid on the microhardness of Biodentine and radicular dentin.

Technological advancements in valorisation of industrial effluents employing hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: Strategic innovations, barriers and perspectives.

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is identified as a promising thermochemical technique to recover biofuels and bioenergy from waste biomass containing low energy and high moisture content. The wastewater generated during the HTL process (HTWW) are rich in nutrients and organics. The release of the nutrients and organics enriched HTWW would not only contaminate the water bodies but also lead to the loss of valued bioenergy sources, especially in the present time of the energy crisis.

Lisaftoclax (APG-2575) Is a Novel BCL-2 Inhibitor with Robust Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Hematologic Malignancy.

Purpose: Development of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)-specific inhibitors poses unique challenges in drug design because of BCL-2 homology domain 3 (BH3) shared homology between BCL-2 family members and the shallow surface of their protein-protein interactions. We report herein discovery and extensive preclinical investigation of lisaftoclax (APG-2575).

Experimental Design: Computational modeling was used to design "lead" compounds.

Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Human Donor Eyes Contains Higher Levels of Bisretinoids Including A2E in Periphery than Macula.

Purpose: With age, human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) accumulates bisretinoid fluorophores that may impact cellular function and contribute to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Bisretinoids are comprised of a central pyridinium, dihydropyridinium, or cyclohexadiene ring. The pyridinium bisretinoid A2E has been extensively studied, and its quantity in the macula has been questioned.

Metalloceneincorporated Hybrid Singly N-Methyl N-Confused Calixphyrins: Synthesis, Characterization, Protonation and Deprotonation Studies.

Rational design and isolation of two hitherto unknown highly stable single conformer of ferrocene incorporated meso-aryl substituted singly N-methyl N-confused-calixphyrins have been achieved in quantitative yields. The solid-state crystal structure reveals the obvious trans-geometry for the meso-protons with the possibility for both the macrocycles to exist either racemic or enantiomer forms. However, thorough solution-state spectroscopic characterization strongly concludes the experimental isolation of a single isomer for both the macrocycles.

Hydrophilic interaction LC-MS/MS method to avoid endogenous interference in the analysis of 4-hydroxy isoleucine from dietary supplementation of fenugreek.

4-Hydroxy isoleucine is one of the potent hypoglycemic active constituents of fenugreek seeds. A method capable of reducing biological interferences is required for bioavailability studies. An isocratic separation of 4-hydroxy isoleucine from endogenous interferences was achieved in ZIC-cHILIC column using 0.

Assessing the Capability of Chemical Ameliorants to Reduce the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Bulk Fly Ash Contaminated Soil.

In-situ rehabilitation of fly ash at dumping sites has rarely been addressed for crop production due to growth-related constraints, largely of heavy metal (HM) contamination in soils and crops. Current communication deals with a novel approach to identify a suitable management option for rejuvenating the contaminated soils. In this background, a 60-days incubation experiment was conducted with different fly ash-soil mixtures (50 + 50%, A1; 75 + 25%, A2; 100 + 0%, A3) along with four ameliorants, namely, lime (T1), sodium sulphide (T2), di-ammonium phosphate (T3), and humic acid (T4) at 30 ± 2 °C to assess the ability of different fly ash-soil-ameliorant mixtures in reducing bio-availability of HMs.

Elevated histamine levels in aqueous humor of patients with glaucoma.

Purpose: Neurotransmitters (NTs) are the key mediators of essential ocular functions, such as processing the visual functions of the retina, maintaining homeostasis of aqueous humor, and regulating ocular blood flow. This study aims to determine variations in the levels of L-glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), histaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic NTs in patients with primary glaucoma versus patients with cataract.

Methods: This case-control study involved three age-matched groups of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG, n = 14), primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG, n = 21), and cataract (control, n = 19).

Perimeter Coordinated Diastereomeric Rh(I) Complex of Helically Twisted Weakly Aromatic Hybrid Singly N-Confused β-β Fused Ferrocenoporphyrinoids.

Expedient synthesis, spectroscopic, solid state structural proof, and theoretical study of helically twisted weakly aromatic hybrid singly N-confused ferrocenoporphyrinoids and the peripheral coordinated Rh(I) complex are reported. The X-ray crystal structure of the macrocycles reveals an ambiguously inverted pyrrole ring reinforcing regioselective β,β-linkage with the spatially adjacent N-confused -methyl pyrrole ring leading to endocyclic extension of macrocyclic π-conjugation via tricyclic [5.5.

Evaluation of the Presence and Functional Importance of Nucleoside Transporters in Lacrimal Gland for Tear Disposition of Intravenously Injected Substrate in Rabbits.

: Purpose of the current study was to assess the presence and functionality of the nucleoside transporters in the lacrimal gland for the tear disposition of its substrate given intravenously in rabbits.: Rabbits were divided into two groups - control and blocker pretreated. The blocker pretreated group received 5 mg/kg of dipyridamole 30 min before ribavirin (substrate), which was given at a dose of 2.

Cholinergic System and Its Therapeutic Importance in Inflammation and Autoimmunity.

Neurological and immunological signals constitute an extensive regulatory network in our body that maintains physiology and homeostasis. The cholinergic system plays a significant role in neuroimmune communication, transmitting information regarding the peripheral immune status to the central nervous system (CNS) and vice versa. The cholinergic system includes the neurotransmitter\ molecule, acetylcholine (ACh), cholinergic receptors (AChRs), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme.

Novel water soluble sterile natamycin formulation (Natasol) for fungal keratitis.

The purpose of this study was to develop, characterize and evaluate novel water soluble formulation for its topical and intrastromal application. Natamycin complexed with cyclodextrin was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The complexed powder was used to formulate 1% w/v aqueous natamycin formulation (Natasol 1%) for topical use.

Pharmacoproteomic analysis of topical dapsone and prednisolone interventions in the aqueous humor of anterior uveitis.

Uveitis is the inflammation of uveal tract comprising of iris, ciliary body and choroid. Blood ocular barriers maintaining the homeostasis of eye breach during uveitis, leads to high risk for sight-threatening complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory activity enabled by two diverse pharmacological agents (prednisolone and dapsone) using their effect on aqueous humor proteome.

Evaluation of the possibility of selective modulation of retinal glucose transporters in diabetic complications: An experimental study.

Purpose: To identify the possibility of modulating retinal glucose transporters in diabetic conditions to prevent retinal complications of diabetic retinopathy.

Materials And Methods: In silico and in vitro binding assays were performed to assess the effect of genistein and positive controls (pioglitazone and estradiol) on nuclear receptor estrogen receptor beta and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In vivo effects of compounds were tested on diabetic rats.

Phloem sap metabolites vary according to the interactive effects of nutrient supply and seasonal conditions in Eucalyptus globulus (Labill).

Improving the efficiency of fertilizer application is paramount to both the sustainability and profitability of forest plantations. Therefore, developing reliable, cost-effective tools to assess tree nutritional status is of great interest. This investigation sought to assess the use of phloem sap-derived metabolites as an indicator of nutritional status on a background of seasonal water availability of Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) trees grown under field conditions.