The Effect of Genetic Variants of SLC22A2 (rs662301 and rs315978) on the response to Metformin in type 2 Saudi diabetic patients.

Purpose: To investigate the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the two genetic variations, NC_000006.12: g.160275887C > T (rs662301) and NC_000006.

Exercise Habits During Ramadan Among Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study From Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Background Fasting during Ramadan may affect several habits, including physical activity levels. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess changes in exercise habits among healthcare providers (HCPs) during Ramadan in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with changes in exercise habits during Ramadan.

Are parents' willing to vaccinate their children against COVID-19? A qualitative study based on the Health Belief Model.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries have started implementing voluntary or involuntary mass vaccination programs. Although vaccine acceptance is high among adults, uncertainty about whether to vaccinate children against COVID-19 remains a controversial theme. To date, few qualitative studies have explored parents' views on this topic.

Depression Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH): A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background:  Depression can increase the risk of diabetes-related complications, healthcare expenditures, and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There have been increasing cases of diabetes in Saudi Arabia; however, research correlating depression with diabetes is lacking. The aim of this study was to find out how common depression is among T2DM patients at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, and assess any additional risk factors for depression in these patients.

Diabetes Mellitus and Related Admission Factors Among Hospitalized Patients in King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a rapidly increasing serious health problem that affects the population all over the world. The increasing prevalence of DM in Saudi Arabia is reflected in our hospital admissions as well. This study aimed to assess the proportion of DM (including type 1 and type 2 diabetes) among hospitalized patients and the reasons for admissions to the medical unit at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Understanding the Interrelationship between Education, Income, and Obesity among Adults in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To examine the association of sociodemographic variables with the odds of being obese among adults in Saudi Arabia, and to examine whether or not the association between the educational level and the odds of being obese among adults in Saudi Arabia is modified by the income level.

Methods: A total of 3,925 participants were recruited for this cross--sectional study. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected using standardized procedures.

Detection of Secondary Metabolites as Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes, or T2D, is a metabolic disease that results in insulin resistance. In the present study, we hypothesize that metabolomic analysis in blood samples of T2D patients sharing the same ethnic background can recover new metabolic biomarkers and pathways that elucidate early diagnosis and predict the incidence of T2D.

Methods: The study included 34 T2D patients and 33 healthy volunteers recruited between the years 2012 and 2013; the secondary metabolites were extracted from blood samples and analyzed using HPLC.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: We aimed to find out the prevalence and associated risk factors of GDM among females who attended antenatal clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA).

Methods: This retrospective study was carried out from 25 September 2016 till 20 December 2016, at the Endocrine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, KAUH, Jeddah, SA. A total of 5000 women attended antenatal clinic and 637 women were referred to the endocrine clinic for GDM.

Management of postprandial hyperglycaemia and weight gain in women with gestational diabetes mellitus using a novel telemonitoring system.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of remotely delivered telemedicine dietary advice on monitoring of blood glucose levels and weight gain of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: Women with GDM were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups: a Tele-GDM group that received a telemonitoring device, and a control group that was followed-up traditionally. A telemonitoring service calculated the ratio of reaching or exceeding the pregnancy weight gain target (according to pre-pregnancy weight), following Institute of Medicine guidelines for healthy pregnancy weight gain.

Diabetes knowledge and its association with the weight status among residents of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To examine the association of weight status with level of diabetes knowledge (symptoms and complications) among residents of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic and health characteristics and knowledge about diabetes and its symptoms and complications was utilized. Data of 3978 adults, 18 years of age or older, were collected from public mall sites in Jeddah city and surrounding areas.

Obesity and morbid obesity associated with higher odds of hypoalbuminemia in adults without liver disease or renal failure.

Background And Objective: Studies are needed in order to inform recommendations for interpreting albumin levels among obese individuals without known medical conditions associated with hypoalbuminemia. The objective of this study was to examine the association of obese and morbidly obese status with hypoalbuminemia, while adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, prediabetes, diabetic nephropathy, and nephrotic syndrome.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective data collection from adult patients presenting to the outpatient Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinic was performed between January 2015 and December 2015.

Ethnicity and skin autofluorescence-based risk-engines for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.

Skin auto fluorescence (SAF) is used as a proxy for the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and has been proposed to stratify patients into cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) risk groups. This study evaluates the effects of seven different ethnicities (Arab, Central-East African, Eastern Mediterranean, European, North African, South Asian and Southeast Asian) and gender on SAF as well as validating SAF assessment as a risk estimation tool for CVD and DM in an Arabian cohort. SAF data from self-reported healthy 2,780 individuals, collated from three independent studies, has been linear modelled using age and gender as a covariate.

Ginger Ingredients Alleviate Diabetic Prostatic Complications: Effect on Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis.

Prostatic complications are common in patients with diabetes. This study investigated the effect of different ginger ingredients: zingerone, geraniol, and 6-gingerol on the prostate in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg), and the rats were left for 10 weeks to develop prostatic complications.

Corrigendum: A new gender-specific model for skin autofluorescence risk stratification.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep10198.

Review and Recommendations on Management of Adult Female Thalassemia Patients with Hypogonadism based on Literature Review and Experience of ICET-A Network Specialists.

Background: Multi-transfused thalassemia major (TM) patients frequently develop severe endocrine complications, mainly due to iron overload, anemia, and chronic liver disease, which require prompt diagnosis, treatment and follow-up by specialists. The most common endocrine complication documented is hypogonadotropic hypogonadism which increases with age and associated comorbidities. It is thus important for physicians to have a clear understanding of the pathophysiology and management of this disorder.

Metformin Attenuates Testosterone-Induced Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats: A Pharmacological Perspective.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is uncontrolled proliferation of prostate tissue. Metformin, a widely prescribed anti-diabetic agent, possesses anticancer activity through induction of apoptotic signaling and cell cycle arrest. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of metformin against experimentally-induced BPH in rats.

A new gender-specific model for skin autofluorescence risk stratification.

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are believed to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Non-invasive skin autofluorescence (SAF) measurement serves as a proxy for tissue accumulation of AGEs. We assessed reference SAF and skin reflectance (SR) values in a Saudi population (n = 1,999) and evaluated the existing risk stratification scale.

Severe vitamin D deficiency: a significant predictor of early hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.

Objective: To assess the role of preoperative serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D as predictor of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Modulatory effect of silymarin on inflammatory mediators in experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia: emphasis on PTEN, HIF-1α, and NF-κB.

The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of the anti-inflammatory effects of silymarin (SIL) in inhibiting experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats. Rats were injected testosterone (3 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously (s.c.

The effect of obesity and components of metabolic syndrome on urinary and sexual functions in Saudi men.

Objective: To establish a possible association between obesity, measured by waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI), and voiding and sexual functions in a random cohort of Saudi men.

Materials And Methods: An outpatient men's health clinic was set up at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and men were invited to discuss their sexual and urinary functions. The data collected included age, WC, weight, height, blood pressure, history of diabetes, hypertension, and smoking.

Kidney stone composition in overweight and obese patients: a preliminary report.

Objective: To report preliminary information on urinary stone composition in patients who are either overweight or obese with kidney stone disease.

Methods: A cohort of patients (n = 138) with nephrolithiasis were prospectively followed from January 2011 for 18 months. Of those, 64 (46%) were found to be overweight with body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m(2) and 74 (54%) were obese with body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m(2).

Influence of body mass index on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia-related complications in patients undergoing prostatectomy.

Objectives: To examine the link between increased body mass index and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) related complications, namely: acute urinary retention (AUR), Bladder stones and Bladder diverticula.

Patients: We reviewed the medical records of BPH patients who underwent prostatectomy over three years period from 2010-2012. Prostatectomy was either done in the gold standard transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or using green light laser selective photo-vaporization (PVP).

Increased body mass index is associated with larger renal calculi.

Objective: To examine the relationship between the body mass index and the size of renal stones in a group of patients with urolithiasis.

Methods: One-hundred seventy-three patients with renal stones were enrolled. Body mass index was calculated on the basis of height and weight measurements, and stone size was either measured accurately (143 patients) or estimated by the radiologist or managing urologist (30 patients).