Insights into bioactive constituents of onion (Allium cepa L.) waste: a comparative metabolomics study enhanced by chemometric tools.

Background: Onion waste was reported to be a valuable source of bioactive constituents with potential health-promoting benefits. This sparked a surge of interest among scientists for its valorization. This study aims to investigate the chemical profiles of peel and root extracts of four onion cultivars (red, copper-yellow, golden yellow and white onions) and evaluate their erectogenic and anti-inflammatory potentials.

An ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological overview of onion (Allium cepa L.).

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most widely distributed species within the Allium genus of family Amaryllidaceae. Onion has been esteemed for its medicinal properties since antiquity.

Exploring the anti-obesity bioactive compounds of and through integration of lipase inhibition screening and molecular docking analysis.

Activity-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extracts of and furnished eight compounds with pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Six compounds were isolated from the chloroform fraction of . It is worth mentioning that this is the first report for the isolation of 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxycarbonyl flavanol (2), daphnodorin G-3''-methyl ether (4) and daphnodorin G (5) from genus .

Forecasting of potential anti-inflammatory targets of some immunomodulatory plants and their constituents using in vitro, molecular docking and network pharmacology-based analysis.

Most synthetic immunomodulatory medications are extremely expensive, have many disadvantages and suffer from a lot of side effects. So that, introducing immunomodulatory reagents from natural sources will have great impact on drug discovery. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehend the mechanism of the immunomodulatory activity of some natural plants via network pharmacology together with molecular docking and in vitro testing.

Discovery of potential natural dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors and their synergism with brequinar via integrated molecular docking, dynamic simulations and in vitro approach.

The critical function of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) in pyrimidine synthesis attracted a great interest throughout beyond decades. Inhibitors of human DHODH (hDHODH) have validated efficacy for remedy of many immunological diseases. Brequinar and leflunomide are examples of such compounds.

Metabolomics combined to chemometrics reveals the putative α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory metabolites of ground cherry (Physalis pruinosa L.).

In this work, metabolic profiling of the different parts of ground cherry (P. pruinosa) including fruits, calyces, leaves, stems and roots using UPLC-MS/MS analysis combined to chemometric analysis was attempted. A total of 82 chromatographic peaks belonging to different metabolite classes were identified including terpenes, flavonoids genin and glycosides, withanolides, physalins, sucrose esters, fatty acids and other miscellaneous compounds with withanolides being the most predominant class.

Integrated serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology analyses reveal the bioactive metabolites and potential functional mechanism of ground cherry (Physalis pruinosa L.) in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Different Physalis plants have been widely employed in traditional medicine for management of diabetes mellitus. Previous studies with respect to the in vivo antidiabetic activity of Physalis plants illustrated that they improved glucose and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats yet the mechanism of action of bioactive constituents of the different organs of Physalis plants on diabetes remains obscure.

Aim Of Study: Our objective is to study the effects of the different organs of ground cherry (P.

Seasonal dynamics of the phenolic constituents of the cones and leaves of oriental ( L.) reveal their anti-inflammatory biomarkers.

In this study, the seasonal dynamics of the flavonoids in the cones and leaves of oriental ( L. Franco) as well as the anti-inflammatory activity of their extracts were investigated. The important chemical markers of the studied extracts were determined using untargeted HPTLC profiling, which was further utilized to assess the seasonality effect on the composition of these metabolites over three seasonal cycles.

Chemical profiling and identification of anti-inflammatory biomarkers of oriental Thuja ( using UPLC/MS/MS and network pharmacology-based analyses.

L. Franco has many folk uses as it is mainly used to treat inflammatory ailments. UPLC-MS/MS was used for the chemical profiling of leaves.

Development of a validated HPTLC-bioautographic method for evaluation of aromatase inhibitory activity of plant extracts and their constituents.

Introduction: Aromatase is a CYP450 enzyme that catalyses the conversion of androgens into oestrogens, where the decrease in the production of oestrogens aided by aromatase inhibitors is considered a target in post-menopausal breast cancer therapy. TLC-bioautography is a technique employed for combining chromatographic separations on TLC plates with bioassays. This is the first report to evaluate aromatase inhibitory activity using this technique.

Biologically-Guided Isolation of Natural Lead Antithyroid Drug from Medicago sativa L. Sprouts and Its Toxic Profile in Comparison with Propylthiouracil.

Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder associated with increased risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality. Although antithyroid drugs (ATDs) are approved as first line option for many hyperthyroidism cases, including pregnancy and childhood, they exert significant toxic profile. Medicago sativa L.

Phytochemical and pharmacological appraisal of the aerial parts of L. growing in Egypt.

L. (Fabaceae) is widely grown in Egypt. It has a great history of folkloric medicinal uses.

Efficacy-directed discrimination of the essential oils of three Juniperus species based on their in-vitro antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Juniperus plants are considered important sources of cedar-wood oil which is used widely in folk medicine as antiseptic and in treatment of inflammatory disorders such as, rheumatoid arthritis but there is not enough scientific evidence to support the claimed uses and there is no specification of a certain Juniperus species as the most active.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study is volatiles profiling of three Juniperus species; J. communis, J.

Trigonella stellata reduced the deleterious effects of diabetes mellitus through alleviation of oxidative stress, antioxidant- and drug-metabolizing enzymes activities.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Genus Trigonella has a history of folkloric medicinal uses in China, Japan, Egypt and India. There are a variety of therapeutic actions of Trigonella including hypocholesterolemia, hypoglycemia, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory activities, antioxidants and appetite stimulant.

Aim Of The Study: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing annually.

Peroxidase inhibitory and antioxidant constituents from L. species guided by HPTLC-bioautography and molecular docking studies.

The application of a newly developed HPTLC-bioautography assay for detecting peroxidase enzyme inhibitors in plant extracts in addition to bioautography methods for detecting antioxidant compounds resulted in the isolation of a new biflavonoid 3'-methoxy sahranflavone along with two known biflavonoids and three flavonoids from the leaves and cones of and . The structures of all compounds were elucidated by means of 1 D and 2 D NMR and MALDI-TOF MS technique in addition to comparison to literature data. Quantitative estimation of antiperoxidase and antioxidative capacity based on DPPH free radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching of extracts, active fraction and constituents was achieved by applying validated high resolution image analyses techniques.

Chemometric evaluation of alfalfa sprouting impact on its metabolic profile using HPTLC fingerprint-efficacy relationship analysis modelled with partial least squares regression.

Sprouting is a commonly applied food processing practice specially in Western countries. Tracking the impact of sprouting of Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa) seeds on their phytochemical composition and curative efficacy was implemented in the current study.

Chemical constituents, Antibacterial and Acetylcholine esterase inhibitory activity of leaves.

The chemical constituents of were investigated. A new neolignan glycoside (1) in addition to nine known compounds were isolated. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) of different fractions and isolates of were evaluated.

Digitally-optimized HPTLC coupled with image analysis for pursuing polyphenolic and antioxidant profile during alfalfa sprouting.

The utilization of Folin-Ciocalteu as a post-chromatographic derivatization reagent for direct quantitative estimation of polyphenolic compounds using HPTLC coupled with image analysis was developed, validated and implemented in this study. The phenolic compounds react with Mo; the hypothesized active center in molybdotungstophosphoric heteropolyanion causing its reduction into blue colored complex. In addition, a direct TLC-DPPH assay was developed and applied to determine the correlation between the polyphenolic content and their free radical scavenging ability during the sprouting of alfalfa seeds for eleven days.

Evaluation of the influence of green extraction solvents on the cytotoxic activities of Crinum (Amaryllidaeae) alkaloid extracts using in-vitro-in-silico approach.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The traditional use of Amaryllidaceae plants to treat many disease have been known for a very long period of time. The chemical analysis of these plants has yielded a diversity of alkaloids with analgesic, anticholinergic, antitumor and antiviral activities. Crinum bulbispermum (Burm.

Green techniques in comparison to conventional ones in the extraction of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids: Best solvents selection and parameters optimization.

An undisputed trend in sample preparation at present is to meet the requirements of green chemistry especially in the field of natural products. Green technology continuously pursues new solvents to replace common organic solvents that possess inherent toxicity. Over the past two decades, non-ionic surfactants have gained enormous attention from the scientific community.

Integrated in silico-in vitro strategy for screening of some traditional Egyptian plants for human aromatase inhibitors.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Aromatase enzyme (CYP19) is widely known as a critical target protein for treating hormone-dependent breast cancer. Natural products from traditional medicinal plants continue to be an active source of aromatase inhibitors. Meanwhile, high cost of experimental work and low hit rate associated with HTS have stimulated the implementation of in-silico virtual screening to resolve these pitfalls, where coupling of both classical wet lab procedure and VS may offer a more deepened access to bioactive compounds with less work and time waste.

Bioactivity-Guided Isolation of Potential Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Compounds from Trigonella stellata.

The in vitro antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of an alcoholic extract of Trigonella stellata were evaluated in terms of the activation of PPAR and PPAR in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. The extract was investigated phytochemically, aiming at the isolation of the most active compounds to be used as a platform for drug discovery. Three new isoflavans, (3 S,4 R)-4,2',4'-trihydroxy)-7-methoxyisoflavan (1), (3 R,4 S)-4,2',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-4'- O-β-d-glucopyranosylisoflavan (2), and (2 S,3 R,4 R)-4,2',4'-trihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyisoflavan (3), were isolated and characterized along with the five known compounds p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone (5), dihydromelilotoside (6), quercetin-3,7- O-α-l-dirhamnoside (7), and soyasaponin I (8).

Chemical composition, antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of the essential oils of Conyza linifolia and Chenopodium ambrosioides.

Two essential oil-containing plants growing wildly in Egypt: Conyza linifolia (Willd.) Täckh. (Asteraceae) and Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

Chemical constituents from Tribulus terrestris and screening of their antioxidant activity.

Two oligosaccharides (1,2) and a stereoisomer of di-p-coumaroylquinic acid (3) were isolated from the aerial parts of Tribulus terrestris along with five known compounds (4-8). The structures of the compounds were established as O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→6)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→6)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(6→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (1), O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (2), 4,5-di-p-cis-coumaroylquinic acid (3) by different spectroscopic methods including 1D NMR ((1)H, (13)C and DEPT) and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HMQC and HMBC) experiments as well as ESI-MS analysis. This is the first report for the complete NMR spectral data of the known 4,5-di-p-trans-coumaroylquinic acid (4).