Molecular characterization and evolution of the resident population of some alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) isolates in Egypt.

Background: Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is an important virus affecting many vegetable crops in Egypt. In this study, virus isolates were collected from naturally infected potato, tomato, alfalfa and clover plants that showed suspected symptoms of AMV in different locations of Beheira and Alexandria governorates during the 2019-2020 growing season. The relative incidence of the virus ranged from 11-25% based on visual observations of symptoms and ELISA testing.

Rhizopus stolonifer biomass catalytic transesterification capability: optimization of cultivation conditions.

Background: Using fungal biomass for biocatalysis is a potential solution for the expensive cost of the use o enzymes. Production of fungal biomass with effective activity requires optimizing the cultivation conditions.

Results: Rhizopus stolonifer biomass was optimized for transesterification and hydrolysis of waste frying oil (WFO).

Biocatalysis of triglycerides transesterification using fungal biomass: a biorefinery approach.

Background: The use of microbial biomasses, such as fungal biomass, to catalyze the transesterification of triglycerides (TG) for biodiesel production provides a sustainable, economical alternative while still having the main advantages of expensive immobilized enzymes.

Results: Biomasses of Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus stolonifera were used to catalyze the transesterification of TG in waste frying oil (WFO). Isopropanol as an acyl-acceptor reduced the catalytic capability of the biomasses, while methanol was the most potent acyl-acceptor with a final fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) concentration of 85.

Semi-pilot scale production of biodiesel from waste frying oil by genetically improved fungal lipases.

This paper addresses the issue of combining the usage of waste frying oil (WFO), as a feedstock, and a lipase produced in solid-state fermentation (SSF), as a biocatalyst, for semi-pilot scale production of biodiesel as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Two fungal mutants namely; 1aNRC11 mutant F (1F) and NDA03a mutant G (3G) were used as a cocatalyst. The two mutants were cultivated separately by SSF in a tray bioreactor.

Improvement of saponin hydrolase thermal stability and productivity immobilization on a novel carrier based on sugarcane bagasse.

Soyasapogenol B (SB) is known to have many biological activities such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, antiviral and anticancer activities. Enzymatic conversion of soyasaponins to SB was carried out using saponin hydrolase (SH) extracted from . The partially purified enzyme was immobilized on different carriers by physical adsorption, covalent binding or entrapment.