Natural tree collectives of pure oriental spruce [Picea orientalis (L.) Link] on mountain forests in Turkey.

Distribution area of oriental spruce [Picea orientalis (L.) Link.] in the world is only in the north-east of Turkey and Caucasian.

Characterization of soil erosion and its implication to forest management.

Forests have traditionally been managed to maximize timber production or economic profit, completely neglecting other forest values. Nowadays, however, forests are being managed for multiple uses. The basic requirement of multiple use forestry is to identify and quantify forest values and to determine management objectives.

Modeling individual tree mortality for crimean pine plantations.

Individual tree mortality model was developed for crimean pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) plantations in Turkey. Data came from 5 year remeasurements of the permanent sample plots.