A worldwide overview for hexavalent vaccines and a glimpse into Turkiye's perspective.

The surge in recommended vaccinations for child's has spurred the development of combination vaccines, notably hexavalent vaccines, which provide multiple immunizations in a single dose. These vaccines offer various advantages, such as streamlining vaccination schedules, minimizing injection-related pain and exposure to preservatives, expanding vaccine coverage, and reducing administration costs. However, the intricate and expensive development of these vaccines presents substantial challenges, requiring increased investment and healthcare provider education to optimize their utilization and sustain high vaccination rates.

The role of melatonin and cortisol circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of infantile colic.

Background: Despite the high prevalence of infantile colic, the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Cortisol and melatonin hormones affect gastrointestinal system development in several ways, and interestingly, both cortisol and melatonin's circadian rhythms begin around the 3rd month in which infantile colic symptoms start to decrease. We hypothesized that infantile colic might associate with desynchronization of normal circadian rhythms of these hormones.

Acute pancreatitis: a rare presenting feature of Henoch Schonlein purpura.

Pancreatitis is a rare manifestation of Henoch Schonlein purpura (HSP). Herein we report a 3-year-old girl presented with acute pancreatitis that developed characteristic rash for HSP at the fifth day of clinical onset. Abdominal pain which is the most frequent sign of gastrointestinal involvement can be also explained by acute pancreatitis.

Rhupus arthropathy as the presenting manifestation in Juvenile SLE: a case report.

An 8.5-year-old girl was referred with swelling of both knees lasting for two years. ANA was found as negative.