Ethnic differences in the relationship between ectopic fat deposition and insulin sensitivity in Black African and White European men across a spectrum of glucose tolerance.

Aim: To examine the hypothesis that there would be ethnic differences in the relationship between ectopic fat and tissue-specific insulin resistance (IR) across a spectrum of glucose tolerance in Black African (BA) and White European (WE) men.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-three WE men (23/10/20 normal glucose tolerance [NGT]/impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]/type 2 diabetes [T2D]) and 48 BA men (20/10/18, respectively) underwent a two-step hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp with infusion of D-[6,6-H]-glucose and [H]-glycerol to assess hepatic, peripheral and adipose tissue IR. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and intrahepatic lipid (IHL).

Rapid DNA-FISH in Arabidopsis thaliana Somatic Cells.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique has been widely used to detect and localize specific DNA and RNA sequences in interphase nuclei and chromosomes in animals and plants. Here, we present a protocol for localization of genomic loci in nuclei of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This protocol includes several advances and adaptations to A.

Dose-Dependent Transcriptional Response to Ionizing Radiation Is Orchestrated with DNA Repair within the Nuclear Space.

Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain tumors. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces dose-specific variations in transcriptional programs, implicating that they are tightly regulated and critical components in the tumor response and survival. Yet, our understanding of the downstream molecular events triggered by effective vs.

Ethnic differences in complement system biomarkers and their association with metabolic health in men of Black African and White European ethnicity.

Inflammation plays a fundamental role in the development of several metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D); the complement system has been implicated in their development. People of Black African (BA) ethnicity are disproportionately affected by T2D and other metabolic diseases but the impact of ethnicity on the complement system has not been explored. We investigated ethnic differences in complement biomarkers and activation status between men of BA and White European (WE) ethnicity and explored their association with parameters of metabolic health.

Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment as Tools for Following Cognitive Changes in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Participants.

Background: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are two commonly used cognitive screening and diagnostic tools.

Objective: Our goal was to assess their efficacy for monitoring cognitive changes, as well as the correlation between the two tests.

Methods: At baseline, participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were divided into four groups based on their cognitive diagnoses: healthy control (HC), early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Ep300 sequestration to functionally distinct glucocorticoid receptor binding loci underlie rapid gene activation and repression.

The rapid transcriptional response to the transcription factor, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), including gene activation or repression, is mediated by the spatial association of genes with multiple GR binding sites (GBSs) over large genomic distances. However, only a minority of the GBSs have independent GR-mediated activating capacity, and GBSs with independent repressive activity were rarely reported. To understand the positive and negative effects of GR we mapped the regulatory environment of its gene targets.

Exploring the determinants of ethnic differences in insulin clearance between men of Black African and White European ethnicity.

Aim: People of Black African ancestry, who are known to be at disproportionately high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), typically exhibit lower hepatic insulin clearance compared with White Europeans. However, the mechanisms underlying this metabolic characteristic are poorly understood. We explored whether low insulin clearance in Black African (BA) men could be explained by insulin resistance, subclinical inflammation or adiponectin concentrations.

Pattern and Outcome of Acute Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Seen in Adult Emergency Department of Al-Shaab Teaching Hospital: A prospective Observational Study in a Tertiary Cardiology Center.

Background Despite investments to improve the quality of emergency care for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), few studies have described national, real-world trends in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) care in the emergency department (ED). We aimed to describe the characteristics, management, and outcomes of NSTEMI. Methods A prospective single-center study enrolled 40 NSTEMI patients in Alshaab Teaching Hospital during the period from May to July 2021.

β-cell function in black South African women: exploratory associations with insulin clearance, visceral and ectopic fat.

The role of ectopic fat, insulin secretion and clearance in the preservation ofβ-cell function in black African women with obesity who typically present with hyperinsulinaemia is not clear. We aim to examine the associations between disposition index (DI, an estimate of β-cell function), insulin secretion and clearance and ectopic fat deposition. This is a cross-sectional study of 43 black South African women (age 20-35 years) with obesity (BMI 30-40 kg/m2) and without type 2 diabetes that measured the following: DI, insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response (AIRg), insulin secretion rate (ISR), hepatic insulin extraction and peripheral insulin clearance (frequently sampled i.

Adiponectin is associated with insulin sensitivity in white European men but not black African men.

Aims: We aimed to assess ethnic differences in inflammatory markers and their relationships with insulin sensitivity and regional adiposity between white European and black African men.

Methods: A total of 53 white European and 53 black African men underwent assessment of inflammatory markers alongside Dixon-magnetic resonance imaging to quantify subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and intrahepatic lipid. A hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp was used to measure whole-body and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity.

Ethnic differences in beta cell function occur independently of insulin sensitivity and pancreatic fat in black and white men.

Introduction: It is increasingly recognized that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogenous disease with ethnic variations. Differences in insulin secretion, insulin resistance and ectopic fat are thought to contribute to these variations. Therefore, we aimed to compare postprandial insulin secretion and the relationships between insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and pancreatic fat in men of black West African (BA) and white European (WE) ancestry.

The Link between Obesity and Inflammatory Markers in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Men of Black African and White European Ethnicity.

In this study, we aimed to assess ethnic differences in visceral (VAT), deep subcutaneous (dSAT), and superficial subcutaneous (sSAT) adipose tissue and their relationships with inflammatory markers between white European (WE) and black West African (BWA) men with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Forty-two WE (23 NGT/19 T2D) and 43 BWA (23 NGT/20 T2D) men underwent assessment of plasma inflammatory markers using immunoassays alongside Dixon magnetic resonance imaging to quantify L4-5 VAT, dSAT and sSAT. Despite no ethnic differences in sSAT and dSAT, BWA men exhibited lower VAT ( = 0.

Genomic retargeting of p53 and CTCF is associated with transcriptional changes during oncogenic HRas-induced transformation.

Gene transcription is regulated by distant regulatory elements via combinatorial binding of transcription factors. It is increasingly recognized that alterations in chromatin state and transcription factor binding in these distant regulatory elements may have key roles in cancer development. Here we focused on the first stages of oncogene-induced carcinogenic transformation, and characterized the regulatory network underlying transcriptional changes associated with this process.

Effect of exercise training on insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia and ectopic fat in black South African women: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: We investigated the effects of a 12-week exercise intervention on insulin sensitivity (SI) and hyperinsulinemia and associated changes in regional and ectopic fat.

Research Design And Methods: Healthy, black South African women with obesity (mean age 23 ± 3.5 years) and of isiXhosa ancestry were randomised into a 12-week aerobic and resistance exercise training group (n = 23) and a no exercise group (control, n = 22).

Insulin clearance as the major player in the hyperinsulinaemia of black African men without diabetes.

Aim: To investigate relationships between insulin clearance, insulin secretion, hepatic fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity in black African (BA) and white European (WE) men.

Methods: Twenty-three BA and twenty-three WE men with normal glucose tolerance, matched for age and body mass index, underwent a hyperglycaemic clamp to measure insulin secretion and clearance, hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp with stable glucose isotope infusion to measure whole-body and hepatic-specific insulin sensitivity, and magnetic resonance imaging to quantify intrahepatic lipid (IHL).

Results: BA men had higher glucose-stimulated peripheral insulin levels (48.

The Position and Complex Genomic Architecture of Plant T-DNA Insertions Revealed by 4SEE.

The integration of T-DNA in plant genomes is widely used for basic research and agriculture. The high heterogeneity in the number of integration events per genome, their configuration, and their impact on genome integrity highlight the critical need to detect the genomic locations of T-DNA insertions and their associated chromosomal rearrangements, and the great challenge in doing so. Here, we present 4SEE, a circular chromosome conformation capture (4C)-based method for robust, rapid, and cost-efficient detection of the entire scope of T-DNA locations.

Exercise training results in depot-specific adaptations to adipose tissue mitochondrial function.

We assessed differences in mitochondrial function in gluteal (gSAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) at baseline and in response to 12-weeks of exercise training; and examined depot-specific associations with body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity (S). Obese, black South African women (n = 45) were randomized into exercise (n = 23) or control (n = 22) groups. Exercise group completed 12-weeks of aerobic and resistance training (n = 20), while the control group (n = 15) continued usual behaviours.

Perioperative Outcomes of Single vs Multi-Port Robotic Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Single Institutional Experience.

Purpose: Surgical approach to radical prostatectomy has evolved due to advances in minimally invasive surgery, with most contemporary approaches involving the Si or Xi multi-port robotic systems. U.S.

A Systematic Review of Beta Cell Function in Adults of Black African Ethnicity.

Background: Understanding ethnic differences in beta cell function has important implications for preventative and therapeutic strategies in populations at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The existing literature, largely drawn from work in children and adolescents, suggests that beta cell function in black African (BA) populations is upregulated when compared to white Europeans (WE).

Methods: A systematic literature search was undertaken in June 2018 to identify comparative studies of beta cell function between adults (>age 18 years) of indigenous/diasporic BA and WE ethnicity.

Differences in the link between insulin sensitivity and ectopic fat in men of Black African and White European ethnicity.

Objectives: In men of black west African (BAM) and white European (WEM) ethnicity, we aimed to (1) compare adipose tissue, peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity and (2) investigate associations between ectopic fat and insulin sensitivity by ethnicity.

Design And Methods: In overweight BAM (n = 21) and WEM (n = 23) with normal glucose tolerance, we performed a two-step hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp with infusion of [6,6 2H2]-glucose and [2H5]-glycerol to measure whole body, peripheral, hepatic and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (lipolysis). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intrahepatic lipids (IHL) and intramyocellular (IMCL) lipids were measured using MRI and spectroscopy.

Chromatin dynamics enable transcriptional rhythms in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis.

In animals, circadian rhythms are driven by oscillations in transcription, translation, and proteasomal degradation of highly conserved genes, resulting in diel cycles in the expression of numerous clock-regulated genes. Transcription is largely regulated through the binding of transcription factors to cis-regulatory elements within accessible regions of the chromatin. Chromatin remodeling is linked to circadian regulation in mammals, but it is unknown whether cycles in chromatin accessibility are a general feature of clock-regulated genes throughout evolution.

Examining the Correlation Between Altmetric Score and Citations in the Urology Literature.

Objective: To determine if article Altmetric scores correlate with journal impact factor and citation count in the urologic literature.

Methods: We identified the top 10 most-cited articles for the 15 urology journals with the highest impact factor in 2013 and 2016. Citation count and Altmetric scores were recorded for each of the articles.

Ethnic differences in hepatic, pancreatic, muscular and visceral fat deposition in healthy men of white European and black west African ethnicity.

Aims: We aimed to assess ethnic differences in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intrahepatic (IHL), intrapancreatic (IPL) and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) between healthy white European (WE) and black west African (BWA) men.

Methods: 23 WE and 20 BWA men underwent Dixon-magnetic resonance imaging to quantify VAT, IHL and IPL; and proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify IMCL. Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function were determined using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-2).

Ethnic distinctions in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: a focus on black African-Caribbean populations.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global public health priority, particularly for populations of black African-Caribbean ethnicity, who suffer disproportionately high rates of the disease. While the mechanisms underlying the development of T2D are well documented, there is growing evidence describing distinctions among black African-Caribbean populations. In the present paper, we review the evidence describing the impact of black African-Caribbean ethnicity on T2D pathophysiology.