Net absorption of water, electrolytes, glucose, and folate from the in vivo, neurally isolated canine jejunum.

This study was designed to determine the effects of neural isolation of the jejunoileum (a model of intestinal transplantation) on jejunal absorptive function and associated changes that might occur over time. Net absorption of a simple, balanced crystalloid solution perfused in an 80 cm enterically isolated jejunal loop was assessed in two groups of conscious dogs with neurally intact jejunal loops or neurally isolated jejunal loops. Experiments were conducted 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery during fasting and after feeding to determine temporal changes.

Standing sway and weight-bearing distribution in people with below-knee amputations.

Upright stability in humans has been found to decrease with age, certain diseases, or trauma. We investigated stability of standing in people with below-knee amputations (BKA) and in able-bodied controls. Body sway was evaluated during standing on a set of two Kistler force plates, first with eyes open and then with eyes closed.

A neural network approach for bone fracture healing assessment.

An approach based on auscultatory percussion, a technique used by some orthopedists both for bone fracture detection and bone fracture healing assessment, is described. Low-frequency, low-intensity mechanical power, very much like the finger tap of orthopedists, is used to evaluate the vibrational response of the bone. The novel element is the data processing, which incorporates specialized preprocessing and a neural network for estimating fractured bone strength.

Jejunal regulation of gastric motility patterns: effect of extrinsic neural continuity to stomach.

This study was designed to determine the role of extrinsic gastric innervation in mediating the inhibitory effects of jejunal infusion of mixed nutrients on canine interdigestive gastric motility patterns. Four dogs underwent transection of all extrinsic and intrinsic neural continuity to the stomach except for careful preservation of vagal innervation (stage 1). Antral manometry catheters, antral electrodes, intestinal electrodes, and a jejunal infusion catheter were placed.

Stimulation of ileal emptying by short-chain fatty acids.

We have shown previously that short-chain fatty acids (mixtures of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids; SCFAs) in the proportions found usually in stool water stimulate fasting ileal motility. Based on indirect evidence, we proposed that these motor patterns (bursts of phasic pressure waves that were propagated) would be propulsive, but the capacity of these stimulated patterns of motility to propel contents has not been established directly. Healthy, surviving dogs were provided with motility sensors and a cannula through which SCFAs could be instilled into the ileum.

Interdigestive gastric motility patterns: the role of vagal and nonvagal extrinsic innervation.

Our study was designed to determine separately the roles of vagal and nonvagal extrinsic innervation in the initiation and coordination of patterns of gastric contractile activity and in the organization of the gastric slow wave. Four dogs first underwent transection of all extrinsic and intrinsic neural continuity to the stomach, except for careful preservation of vagal innervation to the stomach (stage 1). Manometry catheters and serosal electrodes were placed in the antrum, and electrodes were fixed to the small intestine.

Does endoscopy really help the surgeon evaluate gastric cancer?

To determine whether gastroscopy helps the surgeon in preoperative planning and decision-making in patients with gastric cancer, the authors reviewed the charts of 100 consecutive patients with surgically proven gastric cancer. The findings from gastroscopy, upper gastrointestinal series and computed tomography were evaluated for their ability to define the anatomic site of the lesion, proximal and distal extent of gastric involvement, presence of a mass or ulceration and the sensitivity of diagnosis. The sensitivity of endoscopic biopsy and brush cytology were also determined.

Postprandial disruption of migrating myoelectric complex in dogs. Hormonal versus extrinsic nervous factors.

Our aim was to determine the mechanism whereby the jejunoileum regulates postprandial gastroduodenal motility. Five dogs were prepared with a proximal jejunal infusion catheter and with gastric manometry catheters and serosal intestinal electrodes for recording gastric and intestinal motility. After two weeks, fasted dogs were studied during jejunal infusion of either isosmolar NaCl (154 mM) or isosmolar mixed nutrient solution (50% Meritene) on four separate days each.

Effect of some antibiotics as growth promoters on performance of broiler chicks fed different protein levels.

This work was carried out to study the effect of different sources of dietary antibiotics (Zinc bacitracin, Flavomycin, Virginiamycin) in rations with optimal protein levels (starter phase: 23.5%, finisher phase: 20.0%) and low protein levels (starter phase: 19.

Role of extrinsic and intrinsic nerves in hormonal induction of the migrating motor complex in the jejunum.

The mechanism of induction of the migrating motor complex (MMC) by neural or humoral agents and their role in the control of fasting motility are not well understood. Our aim was to determine the role of extrinsic and intrinsic nerves in mediating the induction of the MMC by motilin. Three groups of dogs were studied.

Effect of reserpine on the performance of broiler chicks.

The effect was studied of tranquilizer reserpine on the performance of Hubbard chicks. The results can be summed up as follows: The supplementation with reserpine at levels of 0.25 and 0.

[Studies of the activity of disaccharides in growing sheep. 2. The influence of the feeding regime on the activity of disaccharidases in lambs up to the age of 4 weeks under various rearing conditions].

In two groups of 16 animals each lambs were fed restrictively resp. ad libitum withour ewes with a milk replacer up to the age of four weeks. Maltase activity in the contents of the duodenum and the pancreas homogenate increased with the increasing age of the lambs.

[Glucose content of lambs' blood. 2. Blood glucose content during several hours after feeding].

During a 16-hour fasting period, the development of the blood glucose level of ewelessly reared lambs of 4 to 30 days of age was analysed. While the blood glucose level of lambs during their first week of life reacted with a considerable increase and a relatively quick decrease on the administration of milk substitutes, the course of this curve became smoother with increasing age. After a five-hour fasting period, the blood glucose level--after 4 days of the lambs' life--amounted to 101 mg, after 9 days to 96 mg, after 16 days to 91 mg, after 23 days to 64 mg, after 30 days to 71 mg per 100 ml blood.

[Glucose content of lambs' blood. 1. Effect of administration of various carbohydrates].

After the oral administration of lactose or starch the blood sugar content was proofed as an indicator for the carbohydrate digestion and resorption of lambs at the age of 7 to 35 days. With increasing age the blood sugar level during fasting decreased, on an average of all lambs, from 65 to 50 mg glucose/100 ml blood. The administration of lactose resulted in an increase of the blood glucose content on all days.