Inadequate (Ax) Transbronchial Lung Transplant Biopsies-Scope and the Potential Contributing Factors.

Background: Transbronchial biopsy is the cornerstone for the evaluation of graft function after lung transplant and a standard of care to diagnose acute cellular rejection. However, the yield from these biopsies is variable, with about 15% to 50% of samples being judged as nondiagnostic, leading to additional procedures. The factors contributing to the nondiagnostic sampling have not been delineated, and the discordance in sample assessment between the bronchoscopist and pathologist has not been quantified.

Impact of Tacrolimus Trough Variability on Acute Rejection Following Lung Transplantation.

Background: Acute rejection is a risk factor for the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. Calcineurin inhibitors are the cornerstone of immunosuppression regimens after lung transplantation.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the association of tacrolimus level variability with total acute rejection score at 12 months post-transplant.

Complications of Lung Transplantation: Update on Imaging Manifestations and Management.

As lung transplantation has become the most effective definitive treatment option for end-stage chronic respiratory diseases, yearly rates of this surgery have been steadily increasing. Despite improvement in surgical techniques and medical management of transplant recipients, complications from lung transplantation are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Some of these complications can be classified on the basis of the time they typically occur after lung transplantation, while others may occur at any time.

Complement system in lung transplantation.

The complement system is a cascade of multiple proteins that have been known to mediate inflammatory response. This tightly regulated system has been recognized to play a role in adaptive immunity via humoral and cell-mediated processes. There is evidence from animal and human studies that the complement system is involved in various outcomes of solid organ transplantation.