Double Trouble: How Microbiome Dysbiosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Drive Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are closely related liver conditions that have become more prevalent globally. This review examines the intricate interplay between microbiome dysbiosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of NAFLD and NASH. The combination of these two factors creates a synergistic situation referred to as "double trouble", which promotes the accumulation of lipids in the liver and the subsequent progression from simple steatosis (NAFLD) to inflammation (NASH).

Clinical and pathological characteristics of extra-cranial germ cell tumors: A 30-year single-center experience in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of extracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) in children aged 0-168 months treated at the National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2020.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis, the data for all cases of GCTs were collected from 1990 to 2020. Statistical analyses were carried out using JMP software.