A comparative study for glioma classification using deep convolutional neural networks.

Gliomas are a type of central nervous system (CNS) tumor that accounts for the most of malignant brain tumors. The World Health Organization (WHO) divides gliomas into four grades based on the degree of malignancy. Gliomas of grades I-II are considered low-grade gliomas (LGGs), whereas gliomas of grades III-IV are termed high-grade gliomas (HGGs).

Lumbosacral plexopathy secondary to discectomy and fixation.

Lumbosacral plexopathy (LSP) is a rare entity characterized by acute onset of pain followed by sensory and motor deficits, reflex changes and muscle atrophy. The diagnosis is based on clinical and EMG findings. LSP can result from pelvic tumors, infections, trauma, abdominopelvic or spinal surgery, radiation, intravenous drug abuse, diabetic neuropathy, vasculitis or maybe idiopathic.

Light Microscopic Evaluation of Acute and Chronic Hypophyseal Endocrinopathy in a Kaolin-Induced Hydrocephalus Model.

Aim: To demonstrate progression of acute and chronic endocrinopathies in a kaolin-induced hydrocephalus model using light microscopy.

Material And Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were divided into six groups. Hydrocephalus was induced by intracisternal injection of kaolin solution in the acute and chronic kaolin groups, whereas an identical volume of sterile saline was injected into the sham groups.

Severe hypertension and tachycardia during transforaminal endoscopic discectomy - Is indigocarmine to blame?

Endoscopic transforaminal discectomy is a minimally invasive technique used for the surgical treatment of herniated discs. Indigocarmine is a dye which is widely used to identify the ureteral orifice in urologic procedures. Hemodynamic effects such as hypotension and anaphylaxis in addition to hypertension, bradycardia and atrioventricular block have been reported in intravenous application of indigocarmine.

A novel surgical technique for aggressive vertebral hemangiomas.

Vertebral hemangiomas are relatively common, but those causing spinal cord compression are rare. A 19-year-old male presented with thoracic back pain. The neurologic examination was normal and radiological examinations demonstrated an aggressive vertebral hemangioma centered within the T11 vertebral body.

Vagal Nerve Stimulation Effects on Generalized-Partial Seizures and Medication in Adult Drug- Resistant Epilepsy Patients.

Aim: The aim of this study was to find out if vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) affect the generalized-partial seizure count and medical treatment in adult drug resistant epilepsy patients.

Material And Methods: Twenty adult patients who were diagnosed with drug-resistant epilepsy were investigated retrospectively for vagal nerve stimulator implantation between 2001 and 2010 at the Neurosurgery Departments of Ufuk University and Gulhane Military Medical Academy. The effects of vagal nerve stimulation on generalized-partial seizures and medical treatment was scored and if a significant difference was found, a comparison was made by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test and Pairwise.

Non-invasive detection and monitoring of experimental hydrocephalus with distortion product otoacoustic emissions.

Objective: We aimed to find out the effects of short term and long term hydrocephalus and intracranial ventricular volume changes on cochlear functions by using distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) in experimental hydrocephalus rat models for the first time in literature.

Methods: This study was performed with 48 healthy, adult (8 weeks old), Sprague-Dawley rats which weighed between 200 and 240g. Six groups were formed in this study: short term control, short term sham, short term hydrocephalus, long term control, long term sham and long term hydrocephalus groups.

Anatomical relationships of intracavernous internal carotid artery to intracavernous neural structures.

The objective is to correlate the intracavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) with the position of the intracavernous neural structures. The cavernous sinuses of nine injected cadaveric heads were dissected bilaterally. As measured on computed tomographic angiograms from 100 adults, anatomical relationships and measurements of intracavernous ICA and neural structures were studied and correlated to the intracavernous ICA curvature.

Congenital hypoplasia of the posterior arch of the atlas: case report and extensive review of the literature.

Congenital hypoplasia of the posterior arch of the atlas (C1), a developmental failure of chondrogenesis, is a rare anomaly and may range from partial clefts to total agenesis of the posterior arch. Ossification of the posterior arch usually occurs between the 3rd and 5th years of life. The incidence of posterior arch anomalies of the atlas is between 0.

Accessing the basilar artery apex: is the temporopolar transcavernous route an anatomically advantageous alternative?

The restricted operative field, difficulty of obtaining proximal vascular control, and close relationship to important anatomic structures limit approaches to basilar apex aneurysms. We used a cadaveric model to compare three surgical transcavernous routes to the basilar apex in the neutral configuration. Five cadaveric heads were dissected and analyzed.

Total resection of inferiorly located sacral chordoma with posterior only approach: case report and review of the literature.

Chordoma is a primary sacral neoplasm of ectodermal origin and makes up %1- 4 of all primary bone tumors. It is usually present on the midline cerebrospinal axis and the most common locations are the spheno-clival region and the sacrum. The treatment of primary sacral tumors represents a challenge because of a large tumor mass at presentation and a hemorrhage risk in surgery.

Accessing the recesses of the fourth ventricle: comparison of tonsillar retraction and resection in the telovelar approach.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the telovelar approach with tonsillar manipulation for approaching the recesses of the fourth ventricle.

Methods: A telovelar approach was performed in 8 injected cadaveric heads. Areas of exposure were measured for the superolateral and lateral recesses.

Rapid, simple technique to extend depth of field in microneurosurgical images: technical note.

Objective: To increase the extent of the depth of field and focal sharpness in highly magnified image series from cadaveric microneurosurgical anatomic study or live surgery photographs obtained with the operating microscope, providing a higher quality and more satisfactory photographic and imaging experience.

Methods: We used a computer workstation, CombineZM software (Alan Hadley, United Kingdom, www.hadleyweb.

Greater superficial petrosal nerve dissection: back to front or front to back?

Objective: To introduce a novel surgical technique for the dissection of the greater superficial petrosal nerve (GSPN) in the middle fossa approach.

Methods: Interdural temporal elevation was performed with a front-to-back technique to preserve the GSPN in 12 sides of 6 injected cadaveric heads dissected through a middle fossa approach.

Results: The GSPN emerged from the facial hiatus in a shallow bony groove proximally, ran into a deeper sphenopetrosal groove, and eventually reached the mandibular nerve.

A rare reason of foot drop caused by primary diffuse large b-cell lymphoma of the sciatic nerve: case report.

Introduction: Primary central nervous system lymphomas account for 2% of all malignant lymphomas. Although the involvement of peripheral nerves has been previously described as a dissemination of systemic lymphomas or a direct extension to the nerve trunk from contiguous lymphomas, primary involvement of the sciatic nerve is extremely rare.

Case: To the best of our knowledge, the primary localization of lymphoma within sciatic nerve has been reported only nine times.

Spontaneous regression of extruded lumbar disc herniation: report of two illustrative case and review of the literature.

Although the first reported surgery for lumbar disc herniation was published many years ago, there still remains little agreement for the most effective treatment protocol for symptomatic cases. Many patients with extruded lumbar disc herniation require surgical intervention due to radiculopathy of lower extremities but some neurological symptoms of intervertebral disc herniation may frequently improve with conservative treatment. In this paper, two cases of spontaneous regression of extruded lumbar herniated discs are presented.

Diagnostic and surgical pitfalls of an unusual primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Background: Here we describe a case of PCNSL which was located peripherally as a single lesion and showed no evidence of pathological findings of lymphoma at the first biopsy.

Case Description: A 56-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a talking disorder and attention deficit. The neurological examination was normal.

Subcutaneous granuloma annulare of the scalp in childhood: a case report and review of the literature.

Granuloma annulare is a benign inflammatory skin lesion of unknown etiology that is usually seen in adults and children and subtypes of it includes localized granuloma annulare, generalized granuloma annulare, subcutaneous granuloma annulare and arcuate dermal erythema. Etiology and pathogenesis of granuloma annulare are obscure, although there is much evidence for an immunologic mechanism. Precipitating factors are insect bites, sunburn, photochemotherapy, drugs, physical trauma, acute phlebitis and sepsis after surgery.

Attenuation of postlaminectomy epidural fibrosis with monoclonal antibodies against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and CD-18.

Background Context: Data from studies in other diseases state implicate cellular adhesion molecules as mediators of fibrosis and scarring. We sought to explore and assess the effect of using monoclonal antibodies against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its ligand CD-18 to decrease epidural fibrosis in an animal spinal surgery model.

Purpose: We hypothesize that use of antiadhesion molecules (anti-ICAM-1 and anti-CD-18) decreases epidural fibrosis in rats after spinal surgery compared with nontreated group and monoclonal anti human immunoglobulin (Ig)G group.

In vivo human brain biochemistry after aerobic exercise: preliminary report on functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Background: Our aim was to disclose whether the positive psychological changes observed after a single bout of aerobic exercise have a biochemical correlate that can be visualized by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the human brain.

Methods: Right-handed male volunteers underwent psychological testing and MRS of the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere, both before and after 20 minutes of jogging at about 70% of their maximal aerobic capacity.

Results: Although there was a significant decrease on the postexercise anxiety test scores (z = -2.