'Disc degeneration in distal unfused segments: cause or consequence of adding-on after posterior fusion of lenke 3c, 5c, 6c adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?'.

Background: The aim of this study is to examine the association between adding-on (AO) and disc degeneration(DD) of distal unfused levels in Lenke 3 C, 5 C, 6 C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with a follow-up of at least two years by comparing preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: 47 AIS patients (32 females and 15 males) with structural thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curves treated with long segment thoracolumbar fusion were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of the AO (AO and Non-AO groups).

Rotational Assessment of Thoracolumbar/Lumbar Curves According to Lowest Instrumented Vertebra Level.

Background: It is not clearly defined in the literature how the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) selection effects the rotation of lumbar vertebrae at fused and unfused levels in thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rotational profile of structural TL/L curves, corrected with rod derotation manoeuvre, according to LIV level.

Methods: 82 consecutive AIS patients with structural TL/L curves who were treated with long segment posterior instrumentation and fusion were retrospectively evaluated.

Correction of severe adult idiopathic scoliosis posteriorly with skipped pedicle screw instrumentation and rod augmentation.

Background: Although it is challenging to correct severe adult idiopathic scoliosis (ADIS) deformities, optimal results can be achieved by multiple asymmetric Ponte osteotomies with lower surgical risks. Skipping the apical instrumentation and using multiple rods and connectors may further facilitate the procedure. We named this method as "modular correction technique" (MCT).

Lowest instrumented vertebrae selection in posterior fusion of Lenke 3C/6C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: L3 versus L4, when LEV is L4.

Introduction: In structural thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curves, lowest instrumented vertebra is selected mostly as the lower end vertebra (LEV). To save more lumbar mobile segments, fusion may be stopped one level proximal. This study aimed to compare the radiologic and functional outcomes of Lenke type 3C and 6C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients according to distal fusion level.

Reliability of 2 Smartphone Applications for Cobb Angle Measurement in Scoliosis.

Background: As mobile technology has evolved, smartphone applications have been used for radiographic angle measurements in daily clinical practice. This study aimed to assess the reliability of 2 smartphone applications (iPinPoint and Cobbmeter) in measuring scoliosis Cobb angles compared with picture archiving and communication system (PACS) tools.

Methods: Anteroposterior whole spinal digital radiographs of 50 patients were retrospectively analyzed.

Lowest Instrumented Vertebrae Selection for Posterior Fusion of Lenke 5C Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Can We Stop the Fusion One Level Proximal to Lower-end Vertebra?

Background: The most appropriate fusion levels remains challenging, especially in Lenke type 5 curves. In Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) generally fusion includes the lower end vertebra (LEV). This study determines whether it is appropriate to fuse mild to moderate Lenke 5 curves to LEV-1, if possible.

Intraspinal Anomalies in Individuals with Scheuermann's Kyphosis: Is the Routine Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Necessary for Preoperative Evaluation?

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the incidence of intraspinal pathologies (ISPs) in individuals with Scheuermann's kyphosis (SK) and to validate whether the routine use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is necessary for preoperative evaluation.

Overview Of Literature: There are several studies on the necessity of routine MRI screening and prevalence of ISPs related to different types of scoliosis have been conducted.

The effect of upper instrumented vertebra level on cervical sagittal alignment in Lenke 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) level and cervical sagittal alignment (CSA) in Lenke 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients, treated with posterior instrumentation. The hypothesis was that higher level of UIV would cause decreased cervical lordosis.

Methods: Sixty-three Lenke 1AIS patients that underwent posterior fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation were retrospectively evaluated.

Cervical Sagittal Alignment in Extensive Fusions for Lenke 3C and 6C Scoliosis: The Effect of Upper Instrumented Vertebra.

Study Design: A retrospective analysis of cervical sagittal alignment (CSA) in Lenke 3C and 6C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate CSA according to upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) level.

Summary Of Background Data: Hypokyphotic effect of extensive fusions of Lenke 3C and 6C curves on thoracic spine leads to kyphotic changes in cervical region.

Bilateral posterior shoulder dislocation after electrical shock: A case report.

Introduction: Posterior dislocation of the shoulder is a rare and commonly missed injury. Unilateral dislocations occur mostly due to trauma. Bilateral posterior shoulder dislocations are even more rare and result mainly from epileptic seizures.

Three-Dimensional Correction in Patients With Lenke 1 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Comparison of Consecutive Versus Interval Pedicle Screw Instrumentation.

Study Design: A retrospective-matched cohort study.

Objective: To assess the correction of the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) deformity in three dimensions, comparing consecutive and interval pedicle screw (PS) instrumentation techniques.

Summary Of Background Data: The number of the sites that should be implanted with pedicle screws in AIS surgery is controversial.

Selection of distal fusion level in posterior instrumentation and fusion of Scheuermann kyphosis: is fusion to sagittal stable vertebra necessary?

Purpose: Distal junctional kyphosis (DJK) is a major instrumentation-related complication after the surgical correction of Scheuermann kyphosis (SK). The exact criteria to avoid DJK have been controversial. It has been recommended to include the SSV into the fusion by some authors, while others suggest that fusion to FLV is sufficient.

Hydatid cyst of biceps brachii associated with peripheral neuropathy.

Introduction: Hydatidosis represents the most significant parasitic disorder in the Mediterranean countries and leads to major problems through unfavorable effects on the public health and national economy. Localization of the primary cyst hydatid infection in the extremity is rare and biceps brachii localization is also rarely reported in the literature.

Presentation Of Case: A 43-year-old woman, who presented with the complaints of mass and pain in the left arm and numbness of the hand.

Prevention of proximal junctional kyphosis after posterior surgery of Scheuermann kyphosis: an operative technique.

Study Design: A prospective randomized study.

Objective: To introduce an operative technique that prevents proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) in Scheuermann disease after a segmental posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion.

Summary Of Background Data: PJK is the progression of kyphotic deformity at the proximal end of a construct >10 degrees, and it can be seen up to 30% after posterior Scheuermann kyphosis surgery.