The impact of reflux pressure on renal scarring in children with sterile vesicoureteral reflux.

Introduction: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a complex disease as patient spectrum is variable. Some cases struggle with recurrent febrile urinary tract infections (UTI) and end-up with renal scars despite intervention. While others suffer no clinical problems and need no treatment.

No Tumor Suppressor Role for in Prostate Cancer.

To elucidate the pathogenesis of prostate diseases, following analysis, the gene was selected for further investigation. The gene has been associated with poor prognosis and is frequently mutated in different types of cancers. In this study, 50 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 57 prostate cancer (PCa) tissues, including matched normal tissue for the patients, were analyzed by qRT-PCR and DNA sequencing for expression and the mutation profile, respectively.

The Effects of Transobturator Tape Surgery on Sexual Functions in Women With Stress Urinary Incontinence.

Introduction: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) can adversely affect the patient's sexual function.

Aim: To evaluate the sexual functions in women who underwent transobturator tape (TOT) surgery because of stress urinary incontinence and factors affecting the treatment results.

Methods: The study was conducted in 2 tertiary level clinics between 2013 and 2019 and included sexually active patients with a diagnosis of SUI who underwent TOT operation.

The Relationship Between Prostate Biopsy Results and PSA and Free PSA Ratio Changes in Elevated Serum PSA Patients with and without Antibiotherapy.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of antibiotic treatment on total prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and free/total (f/t) PSA ratio and the relevance of these changes to prostate biopsy results.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1,062 patients with elevated age-adjusted serum PSA levels who underwent prostate biopsy between 2004 and 2016. A total of 303 cases with followup PSA levels and f/t PSA ratio before and after antibiotherapy were included into this study.

Parameters predicting sperm retrieval rates during microscopic testicular sperm extraction in nonobstructive azoospermia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of the parameters that might have an effect on the success of microscopic testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in infertile patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Between 2003 and 2014, 860 patients with NOA were retrospectively analysed. The effect of age, infertility duration, history of varicocelectomy, herniorrhaphy or orchiopexy, presence of solitary testis, tobacco use, previous testicular biopsy results, history of orchitis, usage of human chorionic gonadotropin in the past three months, presence of undescended or retractile testis, presence of varicocele, testicular volume, levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, and testosterone, presence of Klinefelter syndrome and micro-deletion of Y chromosome on sperm retrieval rates were evaluated.

Distribution and number of Cajal-like cells in testis tissue with azoospermia.

We investigated the number and distribution of Cajal-like cells in patients with azoospermia. A total of 99 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia were divided into subgroups [19 patientsin hypospermatogenesis group (S1), 40 patients in maturation arrest group (S2), 20 patients in a Sertoli cell-only syndrome (S3), and 20 patients in a testicular atrophy and fibrosis group (S4)], and 20 patients with obstructive azoospermia group (S0). Sections stained with a c-kit antibody were studied by light microscopy to determine the number and distribution of Cajal-like cells in peritubular and perivascular areas of testis.

Clinical Use of Tumor Markers for the Detection and Prognosis of Bladder Carcinoma: A Comparison of CD44, Cytokeratin 20 and Survivin.

Purpose: To investigate the role of CD44, cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and survivin for the detection and prognosis of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Materials And Methods: The study included 82 patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors between 2009 and 2014. The patient and tumor characteristics with relevance to age, tumor size and focality, grade and stage, recurrence and progression were noted.

Predictive values of vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel-density levels in initial biopsy for prostate cancer.

Angiogenesis is an important factor in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCA). We aimed to investigate the values of vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) expression level and microvessel density (MVD) in the prediction of PCA diagnosis at repeated prostate biopsy (re-PBx). We retrospectively evaluated 167 patients with re-PBx according to elevated prostate-specific antigen levels, suspicious digital rectal examination, and the presence of premalignant lesions.

Comparison of Cajal-like cells in pelvis and proximal ureter of kidney with and without hydronephrosis.

Objectives: To evaluate effects of Cajal-like cells on human renal pelvis and proximal ureter on peristalsis.

Materials And Methods: 63 patients submitted to nephrectomy due to atrophic non-functional kidney associated with hydroureteronephrosis were included as study group and 30 cases with nephrectomy due to other reasons were included as control group. Samples from renal pelvis and proximal ureters were obtained and sections of 5µ form paraffin blocks of these samples were prepared; layers of lamina propria and muscularis mucosa were examined by immune-histochemistry using CD117 in order to determine count and distribution of Cajal-like cells.

Role of tumor-associated macrophages in the Hexim1 and TGFβ/SMAD pathway, and their influence on progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Background: Hexamethylene bisacetamide-inducible protein 1 (Hexim1) regulates transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) activity and turnover of SMAD proteins in a cyclin-dependent kinase 9-dependent way. It does so specifically through inhibiting function of this enzyme and by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a role in the progression of prostate adenocarcinomas.

Where do patients go for treatment of urethritis?

Background: Urethritis is characterized by urethral inflammation, and it can result from both infectious and noninfectious conditions. Physicians and other health care providers play a critical role in preventing and treating urethritis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe and identify predictors of health care seeking behavior among men with urethritis.

Effects of sacral neuromodulation on isolated urinary bladder function in a rat model of spinal cord injury.

Introduction: Sacral neuromodulation has been considered as an effective treatment option for various types of chronic voiding dysfunction, but the mechanism of action has not been well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic sacral neuromodulation on isolated bladder functions in a rat model of spinal cord injury.

Materials And Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g; N = 20) were assigned to four groups as follows: 1) control group (N = 6); 2) spinal cord transection group (SCT; N = 5); 3) spinal cord transection + sacral neuromodulation group (SCT + SNM; N = 5); 4) sham (spinal cord transection + electrode wire implantation without sacral neuromodulation; N = 4).

Skin-to-stone distance has no impact on outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Objective: Skin-to-stone distance (SSD) is a stronger factor than body mass index in predicting the success of shock wave lithotripsy. We aimed to evaluate the impact of SSD on outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 1,280 patients who had undergone PCNL between April 2007 and February 2012 were evaluated retrospectively.

Spinal anesthesia is an efficient and safe anesthetic method for percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Objective: To investigate the effect of spinal anesthesia (SA) vs general anesthesia (GA) administration on the safety and efficiency of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1478 patients who underwent PCNL in our clinic between 2004 and 2011. We excluded the patients with bilateral PCNL, renal abnormality, or solitary kidney.

A new hemostatic agent (Ankaferd Blood Stopper(®)) in tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a prospective randomized study.

Purpose: The present study evaluates the efficiency and reliability of a hemostatic agent ABS (Ankaferd Blood Stopper(®)) in tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Patients And Methods: A total of 90 patients were divided into two subgroups. The first group had ABS applied during the intervention, whereas the control group underwent regular tubeless PCNL in this prospective randomized study.

Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy is effective and safe in short- and long-term urinary drainage.

We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with ureteral catheter or double-J stent in comparison with standard PCNL in our study. We retrospectively evaluated 707 of 1,469 patients with stone area under 800 mm(2) and only one subcostal nephrostomy access that was underwent PCNL between March 2004 and October 2011 in our clinic. Patients with 14F nephrostomy tube (Malecot or Re-entry catheter), with ureteral stent and with antegrade double-J stent were included into Group 1 (n = 180), Group 2 (n = 148) and Group 3 (n = 120), respectively.

Do patients on alpha-blockers for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia have better results after shockwave lithotripsy of urinary stones?

Purpose: To investigate whether patients who are on alpha 1-adrenergic receptor (alpha 1-AR) antagonists for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) had better results after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL).

Patients And Method: We retrospectively reviewed the records of male patients older than 50 years who underwent SWL. Clinical characteristics, including the use of alpha 1-AR antagonists for BPH were analyzed.

The effect of American Society of Anesthesiology scores on percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcomes.

Introduction: To evaluate the effect of American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) scores on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) outcomes.

Materials And Methods: The records of 186 consecutive patients undergoing PNL procedures from 2006 to 2011 at a single institution were evaluated. Patients were divided into a low-risk group with a preoperative ASA of I or II and a high-risk group with ASA of III or IV.

Management of symptomatic ureteral calculi complicating pregnancy.

Objective: To review our experiences with management of symptomatic ureteral calculi complicating pregnancy.

Methods: Between January 2001 and December 2011, 57 pregnant women were treated for symptomatic ureteral stones. The medical records of these patients were reviewed retrospectively.

Tailored treatment approach for emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Objective: We evaluated the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of patients presenting with emphysematous pyelonephritis (EP).

Patients And Methods: The clinical data of 24 EP patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. The management strategies were discussed according to the severity of condition at presentation.

Single injection results of endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteric reflux with different tissue-bulking substances in patients with end stage renal failure.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of subureteral injections by using calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHa), dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Dx/HA), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDS) in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) who have vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).

Patients And Methods: One hundred-one patients (166 renal units) with ESRF secondary to VUR were included in this retrospective study. The reflux was bilateral in 65 of the cases.

Successful percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children: multicenter study on current status of its use, efficacy and complications using Clavien classification.

Purpose: In this multicenter study we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children with respect to different features and using the Clavien classification system.

Materials And Methods: Percutaneous nephrolithotomies performed in children at 3 urology departments between March 2006 and May 2010 were included in the study. Results are presented for complex/simple renal stones, tubeless/totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy, simultaneous bilateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy, instrument size and age groups.

Time to stone clearance for ureteral stones treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Objective: To evaluate the time to stone-free status after shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for ureteral stones.

Methods: Medical records of 387 patients with ureteral stones who have been treated were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion criteria for this analysis included nonopaque stones, prior ureteric surgery, multiple ureteral stones, anomalous kidneys or ureters, hydroureteronephrosis, infravesical obstruction, nonfunctioning kidney, inadequate follow-up, and treatment with calcium-channel blockers and alpha blockers.

An alternative treatment for high-burden ureteral stones: percutaneous antegrade ureteroscopy.

The treatment of large proximal ureteral stones continues to be controversial. We evaluated the antegrade percutaneous approaches for the proximal ureteral stones in our clinic. In this study, 73 percutaneous antegrade ureteroscopy (PAU) operations applied to proximal ureteral stones between February 2005 and December 2009 were included.