Deciphering the conformational changes induced by high-risk nsSNPs in β-lactoglobulin.

Whey protein from bovine milk is highly valued in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of its high protein content and abundance of essential amino acids. The relationship between whey protein and the β-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene has been extensively discussed because BLG is the most abundant whey protein, making up approximately 50 % of the total whey protein in bovine milk. In recent years, researchers have been interested in this gene because of its critical role in healthy milk production, and any genetic polymorphism in this gene may deteriorate the milk quality.

Inflammatory response in dairy cows caused by heat stress and biological mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis.

Climate change increases global temperatures, which is lethal to both livestock and humans. Heat stress is known as one of the various livestock stresses, and dairy cows react sensitively to high-temperature stress. We aimed to better understand the effects of heat stress on the health of dairy cows and observing biological changes.

Structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics studies to explore potential natural inhibitors against 3C protease of foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious animal disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and primarily infects cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. It has become a significant health concern in global livestock industries because of diverse serotypes, high mutation rates, and contagious nature. There is no specific antiviral treatment available for FMD.

Deciphering the intrinsic dynamics of unphosphorylated IRAK4 kinase bound to type I and type II inhibitors.

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a vital protein involved in Toll-like and interleukin-1 receptor signal transduction. Several studies have reported regarding the crystal structure, dynamic properties, and interactions with inhibitors of the phosphorylated form of IRAK4. However, no dynamic properties of inhibitor-bound unphosphorylated IRAK4 have been previously studied.

Elucidating breed-specific variants of native pigs in Korea: insights into pig breeds' genomic characteristics.

Although conserving native pig breeds is important in Korea, research on the genomic aspects to identify breed-specific variations in native pig breeds is uncommon. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be a powerful source for identifying breed-specific variants. We used whole genome sequencing data, including Jeju Native Pig (JNP), Korean Native Pig (KNP), Korean Wild Boar (KWB), and other western commercial pig breeds to determine native pig breed-specific SNPs.

Oropharyngeal, proximal colonic, and vaginal microbiomes of healthy Korean native black pig gilts.

Background: Exploring the microbiome in multiple body sites of a livestock species informs approaches to promote its health and performance through efficient and sustainable modulation of these microbial ecosystems. Here, we employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to describe the microbiome in the oropharyngeal cavity, proximal colon, and vaginal tract of Jeju Black pigs (JBP), which are native to the Korean peninsula.

Results: We sampled nine 7-month-old JBP gilts raised under controlled conditions.

High-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from proximal colonic microbiomes of synbiotic-treated korean native black pigs reveal changes in functional capacity.

Synbiotics are feed supplements with the potential to promote health and productivity in pigs partly, through modulation of the intestinal microbiome. Our study used shotgun sequencing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques to characterize the effect of a synbiotic containing three Lactobacillus species and a fructo-oligosaccharide on the proximal colonic microbiome of 4- to 7-month-old Korean native black gilts. With shotgun sequencing we constructed unique metagenome-assembled genomes of gut microbiota in Native Black Pig for the first time, which we then used for downstream analysis.

Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals gluten-induced suppression of small intestine development in young chickens.

Wheat gluten is an increasingly common ingredient in poultry diets but its impact on the small intestine in chicken is not fully understood. This study aimed to identify effects of high-gluten diets on chicken small intestines and the variation of their associated transcriptional responses by age. A total of 120 broilers (Ross Strain) were used to perform two animal experiments consisting of two gluten inclusion levels (0% or 25%) by bird's age (1 week or 4 weeks).

Long-term artificial selection of Hanwoo (Korean) cattle left genetic signatures for the breeding traits and has altered the genomic structure.

Indigenous Korean breeds such as Hanwoo (Korean) cattle have adapted to their local environment during the past 5000 years. In the 1980s, the National Genetic Improvement Program was established to develop a modern economic breed for beef production in Korea through artificial selection. This process is thought to have altered the genomic structure of breeding traits over time.

-supplemented diet improves growth performance in Jeju native pigs by modulating myogenesis and adipogenesis.

Probiotics are used in pigs as nutritional supplements to improve health and induce the development of muscle and adipose tissue for enhancing growth performance and harvesting quality meat. In this study, we investigated the effects of -based probiotic supplementation on the physiological and biochemical changes in Jeju native pigs (JNPs), including growth performance, backfat layers, blood parameters, serum IgG levels, myogenic and adipogenic markers, and expression of inflammatory markers. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were higher in the diet group than in the basal diet group, while backfat thickness was lower in the diet group than in the basal diet group.

PKC-β modulates Ca mobilization through Stim1 phosphorylation.

Background: Calcium ions play a pivotal role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Under basal conditions, the calcium level is tightly regulated; however, cellular activation by growth factors increase the ion level through calcium pumps in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum for calcium signaling. Orai1 is a major calcium channel in the cell membrane of non-excitable cells, and its activity depends on the stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim1).

Complete genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of C5 as a potential canine probiotics.

is a gram-positive, microaerophilic, and acidophilic bacterial species. strains in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other animals have been profiled, but strains found in the canine gut have not been studied yet. Our study helps in understanding the genetic features of the C5 strain found in the canine gut, determining its adaptive features evolved to survive in the canine gut environment, and in elucidating its probiotic functions.

Antitumorigenic effect of insect-derived peptide poecilocorisin-1 in human skin cancer cells through regulation of Sp1 transcription factor.

Malignant melanoma is highly resistant to conventional treatments and is one of the most aggressive types of skin cancers. Conventional cancer treatments are limited due to drug resistance, tumor selectivity, and solubility. Therefore, new treatments with fewer side effects and excellent effects should be developed.

Computational Insights into the Structural Dynamics of MDA5 Variants Associated with Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome and Singleton-Merten Syndrome.

Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) is a crucial RIG-I-like receptor RNA helicase enzyme encoded by in humans. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the results in fatal genetic disorders such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and Singleton-Merten syndrome, and in increased risk of type I diabetes in humans. In this study, we chose four different amino acid substitutions of the MDA5 protein responsible for genetic disorders: MDA5, MDA5, MDA5, and MDA5 and analyzed their structural and functional relationships using molecular dynamic simulations.

Multi-Probiotic Supplementation Improves Liver Function and Reduces Cholesterol Levels in Jeju Native Pigs.

We evaluated the dietary effects of multiple probiotics in Jeju native pigs, using basal diet and multi-probiotic (basal diet with 1% multi-probiotics) treatments ( = 9 each) for 3 months. We analyzed growth performance, feed efficiency, backfat thickness, blood parameters, hematological profiles, adipokines, and immune-related cytokines in pig tissues. Average daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, backfat thickness, and body weight were not significantly different between both groups.

GPS Coordinates for Modelling Correlated Herd Effects in Genomic Prediction Models Applied to Hanwoo Beef Cattle.

It is widely known that the environment influences phenotypic expression and that its effects must be accounted for in genetic evaluation programs. The most used method to account for environmental effects is to add herd and contemporary group to the model. Although generally informative, the herd effect treats different farms as independent units.

Erratum to: Comparisons of Chemical Composition, Flavor and Bioactive Substances between Korean and Imported Velvet Antler Extracts.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.

Comparisons of Chemical Composition, Flavor and Bioactive Substances between Korean and Imported Velvet Antler Extracts.

The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant activity, chemical composition, flavor and bioactive compounds between Korean and imported velvet antlers (VAs)-derived extracts. The Korean (KVA), Russian (RVA) and New Zealand (NZVA) VAs (n=24 each, dry form) purchased from a local supplier were used in the investigation. After extracting with water (750 g VA with 6,000 mL water) for 20 h at 95°C, the VA extracts (VAE) were then used for analysis of antioxidant activity, amino acids (AAs), flavor and bioactive compounds.

THI Modulation of Genetic and Non-genetic Variance Components for Carcass Traits in Hanwoo Cattle.

The phenotype of carcass traits in beef cattle are affected by random genetic and non-genetic effects, which both can be modulated by an environmental variable such as Temperature-Humidity Index (THI), a key environmental factor in cattle production. In this study, a multivariate reaction norm model (MRNM) was used to assess if the random genetic and non-genetic (i.e.