Estimation of Strawberry Canopy Volume in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle RGB Imagery Using an Object Detection-Based Convolutional Neural Network.

Estimating canopy volumes of strawberry plants can be useful for predicting yields and establishing advanced management plans. Therefore, this study evaluated the spatial variability of strawberry canopy volumes using a ResNet50V2-based convolutional neural network (CNN) model trained with RGB images acquired through manual unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights equipped with a digital color camera. A preprocessing method based on the You Only Look Once v8 Nano (YOLOv8n) object detection model was applied to correct image distortions influenced by fluctuating flight altitude under a manual maneuver.

Saturated Fatty Acid Emulsions Open the Blood-Brain Barrier and Promote Drug Delivery in Rat Brains.

We performed this study to evaluate whether saturated fatty acid (SFA) emulsions affect the BBB and determine the duration of BBB opening, thereby promoting drug delivery to the brain. Butyric, valeric, caproic, enanthic, and caprylic acid emulsions were infused into the carotid artery of the rat model. We evaluated the BBB opening and drug delivery over time.

Decision-tree-based ion-specific dosing algorithm for enhancing closed hydroponic efficiency and reducing carbon emissions.

The maintenance of ion balance in closed hydroponic solutions is essential to improve the crop quality and recycling efficiency of nutrient solutions. However, the absence of robust ion sensors for key ions such as P and Mg and the coupling of ions in fertilizer salts render it difficult to effectively manage ion-specific nutrient solutions. Although ion-specific dosing algorithms have been established, their effectiveness has been inadequately explored.

Treatment-related cardiovascular events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: Evidence from real-world data with a competing risks approach.

Background: Understanding cancer treatment-related cardiovascular (CV) events is important for cancer care; however, comprehensive evaluation of CV events in patients with lung cancer is limited. This study aimed to assess the cumulative incidence and associated risks of various CV event types in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A total of 7868 individuals aged 40 years and older, recently diagnosed with NSCLC (2007-2018), were assessed with data obtained from the National Cancer Center, Korea.

Unsaturated free fatty acid emulsion infusion into carotid artery enhances drug delivery to the rat brain.

Aims: To determine whether the blood-brain barrier (BBB) opens to enhance drug delivery during the acute stage of unsaturated fat embolism.

Methods: We infused oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid emulsions through the right common carotid artery of rats, followed by trypan blue for gross and lanthanum for electron microscopic (EM) examination. Doxorubicin and temozolomide were also administered, and then the rats were euthanized at 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h.

Heterogeneity Assessment of Kenaf Breeding Field through Spatial Dependence Analysis on Crop Growth Status Map Derived by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.

The investigation of quantitative phenotypic traits resulting from the interaction between targeted genotypic traits and environmental factors is essential for breeding selection. Therefore, plot-wise controlled environmental factors must be invariable for accurate identification of phenotypes. However, the assumption of homogeneous variables within the open-field is not always accepted, and requires a spatial dependence analysis to determine whether site-specific environmental factors exist.

Effects of sodium diacetate and microbial inoculants on fermentation of forage rye.

Rye ( L.) is a valuable annual forage crop in Korea but there is limited information about the impact of chemical and biological additives on fermentation characteristics of the crop. This experiment was conducted to investigate fermentation dynamics of wilted forage rye treated with the following six additives; control (no additive), sodium diacetate applied at 3 g/kg wilted forage weight (SDA3), 6 g/kg wilted forage weight (SDA6), inoculations (10 CFU/g wilted forage) of (LP), (LB), or LP+LB.

[Development of Rabbit Brain Tumor Model Using VX2 Cells and Verification with the MRI in Neuroradiologic Research].

Purpose: To evaluate the development, location, and volume of a VX2 carcinoma using four inoculation methods in a rabbit brain.

Materials And Methods: Inoculation of a VX2 cell suspension was performed 1) on the appointed day, 2) seven days after storing a VX2 carcinoma in a freezer or 3) seven days after storing a VX2 carcinoma in a deep freezer after sacrificing the donor rabbits. 4) Without sacrificing the rabbits, the VX2 cell suspension was obtained using a gun biopsy, inoculation was performed on the appointed day.

An early interactive human coaching via a mobile application to improve quality of life in patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer: Design and protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: After gastrectomy, patients may experience the postgastrectomy syndrome and face difficulties adapting to everyday diet. Recently, human health coaching via a mobile application (app) has been used for obese patients or patients with chronic diseases, with significant improvements in clinical outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of human health coaching via a mobile app and conventional face-to-face counseling in patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancers.

Estimation of Greenhouse Lettuce Growth Indices Based on a Two-Stage CNN Using RGB-D Images.

Growth indices can quantify crop productivity and establish optimal environmental, nutritional, and irrigation control strategies. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model is presented for estimating various growth indices (i.e.

Effects of sodium diacetate or microbial inoculants on aerobic stability of wilted rye silage.

Objective: The primary goal was to identify the effectiveness of chemical or biological additives in delaying the deterioration of early-harvested wilted rye silage after exposure to air.

Methods: Rye harvested as a whole plant at the early heading stage was wilted for 24 h. The wilted forage was divided into treatments including sodium diacetate (SDA) at 3 (SDA3) and 6 g/kg (SDA6), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), L.

Reduction malarplasty using a simulated surgical guide for asymmetric/prominent zygoma.

Background: The present study introduces a reduction malarplasty using a three-dimensional (3D)-printed surgical guide and evaluates the guide's technical applicability.

Methods: Twenty malarplasties were performed for 12 subjects with zygomatic asymmetry/prominency using the current method. 3D reconstruction of the craniomaxillofacial region and fine dental occlusion was made with image data from computed tomograpy and dental scanning.

Erratum: Isolated Vestibular Syndrome With "Double-Panda" Sign in CNS Lymphoma.

This corrects the article on p. 111 in vol. 18, PMID: 35021288.

The Relationship of Plasma Transthyretin Level with Global or Regional Amyloid Beta Burden in Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Cross-Sectional Amyloid PET Study.

Background: To investigate the relationships of plasma transthyretin levels with amyloid beta deposition and medial temporal atrophy in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of association of subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Plasma transthyretin levels, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and F-florbetaben positron emission tomography were simultaneously measured in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Improved Position Estimation Algorithm of Agricultural Mobile Robots Based on Multisensor Fusion and Autoencoder Neural Network.

High-precision position estimations of agricultural mobile robots (AMRs) are crucial for implementing control instructions. Although the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and real-time kinematic GNSS (RTK-GNSS) provide high-precision positioning, the AMR accuracy decreases when the signals interfere with buildings or trees. An improved position estimation algorithm based on multisensor fusion and autoencoder neural network is proposed.

Evaluation of forage production, feed value, and ensilability of proso millet ( L.).

Whole-plant corn ( L.) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid [ (L.) Moench] are major summer crops that can be fed as direct-cut or silage.

Triolein emulsion enhances temozolomide brain delivery: an experimental study in rats.

Purpose: To evaluate the enhancement of temozolomide (TMZ) delivery in the rat brain using a triolein emulsion.

Materials And Methods: Rats were divided into the five groups as following: group 1 (negative control), group 2 (treated with triolein emulsion and TMZ 20 mg/kg), and group 3 (TMZ 20 mg/kg treatment without triolein), group 4 (treated with triolein emulsion and TMZ 10 mg/kg), and group 5 (TMZ 10 mg/kg treatment without triolein). Triolein emulsion was infused into the right common carotid artery.

Reduced Thickness of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex as a Predictor of Amnestic-Mild Cognitive Impairment Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease with Psychosis.

Background: A long-term follow-up study in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is needed to elucidate the association between regional brain volume and psychopathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease with psychosis (AD + P).

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the thickness of the angular cingulate cortex (ACC) on the risk of AD + P conversion in patients with aMCI.

Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective longitudinal study including 174 patients with aMCI.

Correction: RGB images-based vegetative index for phenotyping kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Smaller hippocampal volume in APOE ε4 carriers independent of amyloid-β (Aβ) burden.

Objective: To investigate the association of the APOE ε4 genotype with hippocampal volume, independent of Aβ burden.

Method: This cross-sectional study included 71 participants with mild cognitive impairment or mild AD. All participants were divided into carriers or non-carriers of the ε4 allele.

Metabolic Effects of Gastrectomy and Duodenal Bypass in Early Gastric Cancer Patients with T2DM: A Prospective Single-Center Cohort Study.

We evaluated the metabolic effects of gastrectomies and endoscopic submucosal dissections (ESDs) in early gastric cancer (EGC) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Forty-one EGC patients with T2DM undergoing gastrectomy or ESD were prospectively evaluated. Metabolic parameters in the patients who underwent gastrectomy with and without a duodenal bypass (groups 1 and 2, = 24 and = 5, respectively) were compared with those in patients who underwent ESD (control, = 12).

RGB images-based vegetative index for phenotyping kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.).

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an industrial crop used as a raw material in various fields and is cultivated worldwide. Compared to high potential for its utilization, breeding sector is not vigorous partially due to laborous breeding procedure.