Dyslipidemias and Elevated Cardiovascular Risk on Lopinavir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Cambodia.

Background: Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is widely used in Cambodia with high efficacy but scarce data exist on long-term metabolic toxicity.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional and retrospective study evaluating metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk in Cambodian patients on LPV/r-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) for > 1 year followed in Calmette Hospital, Phnom Penh. Data collected included cardiovascular risk factors, fasting blood lipids and glucose, and retrospective collection of bioclinical data.

Virological failure and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among naive and antiretroviral pre-treated patients entering the ESTHER program of Calmette Hospital in Cambodia.

Introduction: In resource limited settings, patients entering an antiretroviral therapy (ART) program comprise ART naive and ART pre-treated patients who may show differential virological outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective study, conducted in 2010-2012 in the HIV clinic of Calmette Hospital located in Phnom Penh (Cambodia) assessed virological failure (VF) rates and patterns of drug resistance of naive and pre-treated patients. Naive and ART pre-treated patients were included when a Viral Load (VL) was performed during the first year of ART for naive subjects or at the first consultation for pre-treated individuals.

Causes and determinants of mortality in HIV-infected adults with tuberculosis: an analysis from the CAMELIA ANRS 1295-CIPRA KH001 randomized trial.

Background: Shortening the interval between antituberculosis treatment onset and initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces mortality in severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with tuberculosis. A better understanding of causes and determinants of death may lead to new strategies to further enhance survival.

Methods: We assessed mortality rates, causes of death, and factors of mortality in Cambodian HIV-infected adults with CD4 count ≤200 cells/µL and tuberculosis, randomized to initiate ART either 2 weeks (early ART) or 8 weeks (late ART) after tuberculosis treatment onset in the CAMELIA clinical trial.

Risk factors for hepatitis C transmission in HIV patients, Hepacam study, ANRS 12267 Cambodia.

In 2009, we conducted a case-control study to explore the routes of HCV transmission in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Cambodia. Cases were HCV/HIV co-infected patients (who tested RT-PCR positive for HCV-RNA or had confirmed presence of HCV antibodies) (n = 44). Controls were HIV mono-infected patients, with no HCV antibodies (n = 160).

Earlier versus later start of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults with tuberculosis.

Background: Tuberculosis remains an important cause of death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Robust data are lacking with regard to the timing for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in relation to the start of antituberculosis therapy.

Methods: We tested the hypothesis that the timing of ART initiation would significantly affect mortality among adults not previously exposed to antiretroviral drugs who had newly diagnosed tuberculosis and CD4+ T-cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or lower.

High efficacy of lopinavir/r-based second-line antiretroviral treatment after 24 months of follow up at ESTHER/Calmette Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Background: The number of patients on second-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens is increasing in resource-limited settings. We describe the outcomes after 24 months for patients on LPV/r-based second-line regimens followed up by the ESTHER programme in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Methods: Seventy patients who initiated second-line HAART regimens more than 24 months earlier were included, and immuno-virological data analyzed.

Short communication: three years follow-up of first-line antiretroviral therapy in cambodia: negative impact of prior antiretroviral treatment.

There are few long-term data on ART-experienced patients in resource-limited settings. We performed a cross-sectional study of HIV-infected patients included in the ESTHER program in Calmette hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, after 36 ± 3 months of cART. Therapeutic, clinical, and immunovirological outcomes were compared between patients who stated they were ART-naive (naive group), dual nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (two-NRTI group), or fixed-dose combination of stavudine/lamivudine/nevirapine experienced (three-drug group) at entry to the program.