A review investigating delays in Crohn's disease diagnosis.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract where early diagnosis and timely, appropriate management are essential to prevent severe complications and reduce the need for surgery. This review sought to investigate factors contributing to diagnostic delays in CD, which typically ranged from 5 to 16 months. Delays were often due to nonspecific symptoms that could be mistaken for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and were influenced by various factors including age, education level, smoking, NSAID use, and disease characteristics like isolated ileal involvement.

Prophylactic Proton Pump Inhibitors in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Impact and Underprescription in a French Multicentric Cohort.

Background: Appropriate prescription of Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) remains an important concern amid the rising overuse. A gap exists in the literature regarding the benefit of PPI prophylaxis and the consequences of underprescription in patients at risk for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB).

Aims: This study aims to describe the characteristics of hemorrhage in relation to PPI use in patients experiencing UGIB, with a focus on high-risk individuals requiring gastroprotection.

Using Machine Learning and Electronic Health Records to Identify Neuropsychiatric Risk Scores for Delirium in ICU and General Hospital Settings.

Objective: Delirium is a common and acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that requires timely intervention to prevent its associated morbidity and mortality. Yet, its diagnosis and symptoms are often overlooked due to its variable clinical presentation and fluctuating nature. Thus, in this study, we address the barriers to delirium diagnosis by utilizing a machine learning-based predictive algorithm for incident delirium that relies on archived electronic health records (EHRs) data.

Hydrolyzed collagen: Exploring its applications in the food and beverage industries and assessing its impact on human health - A comprehensive review.

Hydrolyzed collagen (HC) consists of many small and low-molecular-weight amino acid chains (3-6 kDa) that can be produced either in basic or acidic media through enzymatic activity. This review details the sources of hydrolyzed collagen, its biosynthesis and its uses in the food industry, as well as its production process and beneficial health effects. HC can be extracted from a variety of sources, during which acetic acid is used for the extraction of collagen type I from bovine, porcine, marine, chicken, and fish cartilage.

A multimodality therapeutic application on Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis utilizing Spiramycin and 'de novo' Ferula asafetida in immunodeficient mice.

This study investigated a 'de Novo' medicinal herb, Ferula asafetida (FA), against toxoplasma encephalitis either alone or combined with spiramycin (SP). Female Swiss-Webster mice (n = 72) were divided into three batches. Batch-I received no DMS to serve as an immunocompetent control, batch-II was immune-suppressed with the DMS (0.

Inflammation propagation modeled as a reaction-diffusion wave.

Inflammation is a physiological process aimed to protect the organism in various diseases and injuries. This work presents a generic inflammation model based on the reaction-diffusion equations for the concentrations of uninflamed cells, inflamed cells, immune cells and the inflammatory cytokines. The analysis of the model shows the existence of three different regimes of inflammation progression depending on the value of a parameter R called the inflammation number.

Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Patients' Caregivers: Results From a French Survey.

Background: The impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on caregivers has rarely been investigated. Our work aims to explore the burden of IBD on the different aspects of caregivers' lives.

Methods: We conducted an online survey via the social network of the French IBD patient organization addressed to patients' caregivers who were asked to fill in a questionnaire covering the impact of the disease on different aspects of their lives.

Effect of permeability on the initiation of Atherosclerosis modeled as an inflammatory process.

This work presents a mathematical model, based on partial differential equations, that analyzes the inflammatory stage of atherosclerosis. Four leading players are taken into consideration: Low Density Lipoproteins, oxidized Low Density Lipoproteins, immune cells and the inflammatory cytokines. In addition to this, the permeability of the endothelial layer is taken into account in the model.

Medically-oriented design for explainable AI for stress prediction from physiological measurements.

Background: In the last decade, a lot of attention has been given to develop artificial intelligence (AI) solutions for mental health using machine learning. To build trust in AI applications, it is crucial for AI systems to provide for practitioners and patients the reasons behind the AI decisions. This is referred to as Explainable AI.

Prognosis of variceal and non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in already hospitalised patients: Results from a French prospective cohort.

Objectives: Patients who develop upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) while in hospital appear to have a poor prognosis. Our study aims at analysing the difference in outcome between in-patients (IPs) and out-patients presenting with variceal and non-variceal UGIB.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective study by collecting data about variceal and non-variceal UGIB cases through 46 hospitals in France between November 2017 and October 2018.

Liver function test abnormalities are associated with a poorer prognosis in Covid-19 patients: Results of a French cohort.

Aim: To assess the impact of liver function test (LFT) abnormalities on the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a French cohort of hospitalized patients.

Patients And Method: From March 13 to April 22, 2020, we collected on a computerized and anonymized database, medical records, laboratory data and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized for confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection (RT-PCR and/or CT-scan). Patients were followed up until April 22, 2020 or until death or discharge.

Prior surveillance and antiviral treatment improve the prognosis of HCC developed in HBV patients in the West.

Background: In Western countries, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis B (HBV) patients without cirrhosis was poorly studied. The aim was to describe the characteristics and outcome of HBV-related HCC according to fibrosis stage.

Method: All patients with chronic HBV infection and HCC discussed in a multidisciplinary tumor board between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively included.

Subgingival microbiome of experimental gingivitis: shifts associated with the use of chlorhexidine and -acetyl cysteine mouthwashes.

This study aimed to demonstrate subgingival microbial changes associated with development, prevention, and treatment of experimental gingivitis using chlorhexidine (CHX) and -acetylcysteine (NAC) mouthwashes. This randomized clinical trial comprised two parts: a 3-week prevention sub-study in which 30 study subjects were equally assigned to either mouthwash or placebo while developing experimental gingivitis; followed by a 2-week treatment sub-study in which 20 subjects with experimental gingivitis were assigned to either mouthwash. Subgingival samples were collected at the beginning and end of each sub-study for microbial profiling with gene sequencing.

N-acetyl cysteine versus chlorhexidine mouthwashes in prevention and treatment of experimental gingivitis: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) mouthwash with chlorhexidine (CHX) in prevention and treatment of experimental gingivitis MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty subjects were assigned randomly and blindly into one of three equal groups: NAC, CHX, or placebo group. The study was conducted in two stages: preventive and treatment substudies. Professional prophylaxis was performed ahead of starting the preventive substudy.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: Approach to diagnosis and management.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a rare and benign inflammatory disorder that predominantly affects the stomach and the small intestine. The disease is divided into three subtypes (mucosal, muscular and serosal) according to klein's classification, and its manifestations are protean, depending on the involved intestinal segments and layers. Hence, accurate diagnosis of EGE poses a significant challenge to clinicians, with evidence of the following three criteria required: Suspicious clinical symptoms, histologic evidence of eosinophilic infiltration in the bowel and exclusion of other pathologies with similar findings.

Protein Loosing Enteropathy Secondary to Strongyloidiasis: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Strongyloidiasis is a helminthic disease which affects millions around the world resulting in a significant burden in certain high risk groups. It is rarely reported in the Lebanese population probably due to the low index of suspicion in common practice. We are reporting a case of strongyloidiasis that was found in an elderly patient presenting initially with dyspnea followed by skin rash, protein loosing enteropathy, diarrhea, and abdominal pain while on corticosteroid therapy.

Strike: a protein-protein interaction classification approach.

Protein-protein interaction has proven to be a valuable biological knowledge and an initial point for understanding how the cell internally works. In this chapter, we introduce a novel approach termed STRIKE which uses String Kernel to predict protein-protein interaction. STRIKE classifies protein pairs into "interacting" and "non-interacting" sets based solely on amino acid sequence information.

Protein-protein interaction based on pairwise similarity.

Background: Protein-protein interaction (PPI) is essential to most biological processes. Abnormal interactions may have implications in a number of neurological syndromes. Given that the association and dissociation of protein molecules is crucial, computational tools capable of effectively identifying PPI are desirable.