Leveraging large language models to improve patient education on dry eye disease.

Background/objectives: Dry eye disease (DED) is an exceedingly common diagnosis in patients, yet recent analyses have demonstrated patient education materials (PEMs) on DED to be of low quality and readability. Our study evaluated the utility and performance of three large language models (LLMs) in enhancing and generating new patient education materials (PEMs) on dry eye disease (DED).

Subjects/methods: We evaluated PEMs generated by ChatGPT-3.

Socioeconomic and Demographic Disparities in Keratoconus Treatment.

Purpose: To investigate healthcare disparities associated with keratoconus (KCN) patients receiving treatment (corneal cross-linking [CXL] and keratoplasty), as well as comorbidities associated with KCN.

Design: Retrospective clinical cohort study.

Methods: A total of 3224 patients from the University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System (UI-Health) database from 2020 to 2024 were examined, including 1612 patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis of KCN, and 1612 ophthalmology patients as a control group.

A novel artificial intelligence model for diagnosing Acanthamoeba keratitis through confocal microscopy.

Purpose: To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to diagnose Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) based on in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) images extracted from the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph 3 (HRT 3).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized HRT 3 IVCM images from patients who had received a culture-confirmed diagnosis of AK between 2013 and 2021 at Massachusetts Eye and Ear. Two cornea specialists independently labeled the images as AK or nonspecific finding (NSF) in a blind manner.

Sulfated motifs in heparan sulfate inhibit adhesion onto fibronectin and attenuate corneal infection.

A large number of bacterial pathogens bind to host extracellular matrix (ECM) components. For example, many Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens express binding proteins for fibronectin (FN) on their cell surface. Mutagenesis studies of bacterial FN-binding proteins have demonstrated their importance in pathogenesis in preclinical animal models.

Suppression of Neovascularization by Topical and Subconjunctival Bevacizumab After High-Risk Corneal Transplantation.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of topical and subconjunctival bevacizumab in suppressing vascularization in graft and host bed after high-risk corneal transplantation.

Design: Secondary analysis of prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentric clinical trial.

Participants: The study includes patients aged > 18 years who underwent high-risk penetrating keratoplasty, which was defined as corneal vascularization in ≥ 1 quadrants of the corneal graft and host bed, excluding the limbus.

Global Disparities in Access to Vaccine Clinical Trials: A Review of the Literature.

Vaccines are an effective tool to reduce the disease burden from infectious diseases on a population, infrastructural, and individual level. Before vaccines can be administered to populations at large, they must go through rigorous testing in the form of clinical trials. While vaccine trials can be used to assess the efficacy of interventions on a local populace as well as target local endemic diseases, most clinical trials are sponsored and conducted by companies in high-income countries (HICs).

Ocular lichen planus as a cause of recurrent restrictive strabismus.

We report the case of an 80-year-old man with restrictive strabismus in lateral gaze following multiple oculoplastic procedures for idiopathic epiphora. Despite excellent initial response to nasal conjunctival recession with lysis of adhesions and a miminal recession of the medial rectus muscle, the patient suffered recurrence of diplopia associated with limitation of abduction due to aggressive, deep, subconjunctival scarring. Given the history of oral lichen planus (LP), the patient was diagnosed with ocular involvement of LP.

Long-term outcomes of glued (sutureless) amniotic membrane transplantation in acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: a comparative study.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and efficiency of a glued (sutureless) technique for amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) with a traditional sutured one in the setting of acute Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated all patients diagnosed with SJS/TEN between 2008 and 2020 within our hospital network who received AMT in the acute phase according to our protocol and had at least one ophthalmic follow-up in the chronic phase. Primary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at the most recent visit, presence of a severe ocular complication (SOC) via predefined criteria, time to procedure and duration of procedure.

New Frontiers in Keratitis Diagnosis and Management.

Keratitis (AK) is a severe corneal infection caused by the species of protozoa, potentially leading to permanent vision loss. AK requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to mitigate vision impairment. Diagnosing AK is challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other corneal infections, and treatment is made complicated by the organism's dual forms and increasing virulence, and delayed diagnosis.

Ocular involvement in allergic drug reactions.

Purpose Of Review: Many systemic medications have been observed to cause ocular toxicity. A subset of these reactions is thought to involve immunomodulation or a hypersensitivity reaction. As new medications are developed, ocular adverse effects are becoming increasingly prevalent.

Severe ocular complications of SJS/TEN and associations among pre-onset, acute, and chronic factors: a report from the international ophthalmology collaborative group.

We formed an international research collaboration that included Japan, South Korea, Brazil, Thailand, Taiwan, the UK, and the US (682 patients from 13 hospitals between 2005 and 2020), to better evaluate the role of race, ethnicity, and other risk factors in the pathophysiology of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Ophthalmologists often see SJS/TEN patients with severe ocular complications (SOC; frequency 50% SJS/TEN patients) when the patients are referred to them in the chronic stage after the acute stage has passed. Global data were collected using a Clinical Report Form, capturing pre-onset factors, as well as acute and chronic ocular findings.

Corneal Adverse Events Associated with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review.

Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have played an important global role in reducing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection. While the benefits of vaccination greatly outweigh the risks, adverse events do occur. Non-ocular adverse effects of the vaccines have been well-documented, but descriptions of ophthalmic effects remain limited.

An alternative model for assessing mortality risk in Stevens Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis using a random forests classifier: A pilot study.

Introduction: Mortality risk prediction is an important part of the clinical assessment in the Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) patient. The SCORTEN and ABCD-10 scoring systems have been used as predictive clinical tools for assessing this risk. However, some of the metrics required in calculating these scores, such as the total body surface area (TBSA) involvement, are difficult to calculate.

Disparities in Access to Corneal Tissue in the Developing World.

Corneal disease is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. For most blinding corneal conditions, keratoplasty is the only way of restoring sight. Unfortunately, access to corneal transplantation is widely variable, most notably due to the lack of suitable donor material.

Visual function and quality of life in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome who received acute protocol-based ocular care.

To report visual function and quality of life (VF/QOL) using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) in patients in the chronic phase of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). The NEI-VFQ-25 questionnaire was administered to 15 patients who received protocol-based care in the form of topical medications with or without amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for acute SJS/TEN. The scores obtained were compared with scores from a healthy population.

Ocular involvement in Mycoplasma induced rash and mucositis: A systematic review of the literature.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a relatively newly identified clinical entity which is characterized by mucocutaneous manifestations in the setting of Mycoplasma infection. Though a clinically distinct disease, MIRM exists on a diagnostic continuum with entities including erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and the recently described reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME). In this systematic review, we discuss published findings on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of MIRM, with an emphasis on ocular disease.

Incidence and risk factors for glaucoma development and progression after corneal transplantation.

Objective: To assess the cumulative incidence and risk factors for glaucoma development and progression within 1-2 years following corneal transplant surgery.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK), Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), Boston keratoprosthesis type I (KPro) implantation, or endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK or DMEK) under previous PK (EK under previous PK) at one academic institution with at least 1 year of follow-up were included.

Relationship between Atopic Disease and Acute Ocular and Systemic Outcomes in Patients with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.

Objective: To describe the relationship between history of atopic disease on systemic and ocular manifestations of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN).

Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with SJS/TEN patients. Those with and without prior atopic diagnosis were compared.

Topical cenegermin 0.002% for pediatric neurotrophic keratopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cenegermin 0.002% ophthalmic drops in the management of pediatric neurotrophic keratopathy (NK).

Methods: Retrospective chart review of children under the age of 18 years diagnosed with NK at Boston Children's Hospital/Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and treated with topical cenegermin 0.