Changes in the Phenotypes of spp. in Japanese Broiler Flocks.

infections represent a leading cause of foodborne illnesses; resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (TGCs), which are a first-choice antimicrobial for treating human enteritis, has become a serious public health concern worldwide. Because the consumption of undercooked chicken meat products is a major cause of foodborne salmonellosis in Japan, we conducted three surveys at different periods between 2017 and 2022, with the cooperation of four abattoirs (two in Eastern and two in Western Japan). The first survey was conducted at abattoir A, which is located in Eastern Japan.

Decreasing trend of -lactam resistance in isolates from broiler chickens due to the cessation of ceftiofur administration.

Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin antimicrobial, was used in Japanese hatcheries for many years before 2012. We continue to study in broilers and their antimicrobial resistance. The current study aimed to express how the cessation of ceftiofur affects the antimicrobial resistance of isolated from broiler chickens in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan in 2017 and 2018.

Increased Salmonella Schwarzengrund prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica isolated from broiler chickens in Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan between 2013 and 2016.

This study aimed to analyze the Salmonella serovars, measure the minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobials, and examine the antimicrobial resistance genes of Salmonella isolated from 192 broiler flocks in Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan, from 2013 to 2016. We found that all Salmonella isolates belonged to three serovars: Salmonella Manhattan, S. Infantis, and S.

Prevalence of Salmonella in broiler chickens in Kagoshima, Japan in 2009 to 2012 and the relationship between serovars changing and antimicrobial resistance.

Background: This study aimed to examine the prevalence, serovars, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from broiler chickens in Kagoshima, Japan. A total of 192 flocks and 3071 samples were collected from broiler chickens at local farms in Kagoshima, Japan from 2009 to 2012.

Result: Among the tested farms, 49.

Identification of Biological Hazards in Produce Consumed in Industrialized Countries: A Review.

Microbial contamination of fresh produce (fresh fruits and vegetables) poses serious public health concerns worldwide. This study was conducted as a comprehensive analysis of biological hazards in the global fresh produce chain. Data about produce-related outbreaks and illness were collected from the annual reports and databases of foodborne outbreak surveillance systems in different regions and countries from 2010 to 2015.

Estimating the burden of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne illness caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus by using population-based telephone survey data, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, 2005 to 2006.

Most cases of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne disease are not ascertained by public health surveillance because the ill person does not always seek medical care and submit a stool sample for testing, and the laboratory does not always test for or identify the causative organism. We estimated the total burden of acute gastroenteritis in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, using data from two 2-week cross-sectional, population-based telephone surveys conducted in 2006 and 2007. To estimate the number of acute gastroenteritis illnesses caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Miyagi Prefecture, we determined the number of cases for each pathogen from active laboratory-based surveillance during 2005 to 2006 and adjusted for seeking of medical care and submission of stool specimens by using data from the population-based telephone surveys.

Quantitative risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in finfish: a model of raw horse mackerel consumption in Japan.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of implemented control measures to reduce illness induced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) in horse mackerel (Trachurus japonicus), seafood that is commonly consumed raw in Japan. On the basis of currently available experimental and survey data, we constructed a quantitative risk model of V.

The human health burden of foodborne infections caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

To estimate the human health burden of foodborne infections caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Japan, an epidemiological study was conducted in Miyagi Prefecture. Laboratory-confirmed infections among patients with diarrhea caused by the three pathogens were ascertained from two clinical laboratories in the prefecture from April 2005 to March 2006. To estimate the number of ill persons who were not laboratory-confirmed, we estimated physician-consultation rates for patients with acute diarrhea by analyzing foodborne outbreak investigation data for each pathogen and the frequency at which stool specimens were submitted from a physician survey.

Quantitative modeling for risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in bloody clams in southern Thailand.

A risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in bloody clams (Anadara granosa) consumed in southern Thailand was conducted. This study estimated the prevalence and concentration of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in bloody clams at harvest and retail stages; and during this process, methods to detect the total and pathogenic V.

[Outbreaks of Salmonella in infants associated with powdered infant formula].

Historically, outbreaks associated with Salmonella-contaminated milk products were recognized as early as the 1950's in the United Kingdom and Bulgaria. In the 1960's and 1970's there were also a number of outbreaks related to Salmonella in various powdered milk products. As a result, Salmonella criterion was included in the Codex Code of hygienic practice for foods for infants and children.

[Trends in the utilization of internet for facilitating transparent and more active stakeholder participation in the Codex process in several countries].

Codex standards have become the benchmarks against which national food safety control measures and regulations are evaluated within the legal parameters of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements. For this reason, high-level representation at meetings of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, it's related committees and ad hoc intergovernmental task forces continue to be a priority for many governments. Opportunities broaden for stakeholder input towards the development of government positions for all Codex work through the national Codex website.

Harmonization of international risk assessment protocol.

For over centuries developments in food production and new food safety management systems in most developed countries have been perceived by many to be efficient in the prevention of food-borne disease. Nevertheless a number of problems remain dominant, one of these being the high level of food-borne microbiological disease which seems, for some pathogens, to have increased over the last decades. The development of an interdisciplinary approach with direct interaction between surveillance and risk analysis systems is described as a potential basis for improved prevention of food-borne disease.

Joint FAO/WHO/IOC activities to provide scientific advice on marine biotoxins (research report).

The Joint FAO/WHO/IOC ad hoc Expert Consultation on Biotoxins in Molluscan Bivalves performed risk assessments for a number of biotoxins present in bivalve molluscs. For performing risk assessments, the Expert Consultation categorized the biotoxins into eight distinct groups based on chemical structure. The Expert Consultation established LOAELs for the azaspiracid (AZA), okadaic acid (OA), saxitoxin (STX), and domoic acid (DA) toxin groups.

Archiving of food samples from restaurants and caterers--quantitative profiling of outbreaks of foodborne salmonellosis in Japan.

The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (former MHW) of Japan issued a Directive in 1997 advising restaurants and caterers to freeze portions of both raw food and cooked dishes for at least 2 weeks. This system has been useful for determining vehicle foods at outbreaks. Enumeration of bacteria in samples of stored food provide data about pathogen concentrations in the implicated food.