Dataset augmentation with multiple contrasts images in super-resolution processing of T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance images.

This study investigated the effectiveness of augmenting datasets for super-resolution processing of brain Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) T1-weighted images (T1WIs) using deep learning. By incorporating images with different contrasts from the same subject, this study sought to improve network performance and assess its impact on image quality metrics, such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). This retrospective study included 240 patients who underwent brain MRI.

Sporadic Breast Angiosarcoma With MYC Amplification on Extrachromosomal Circular DNA Detected Using Nanopore Sequencing in an Adolescent Female.

Angiosarcoma (AS) is a malignant vascular neoplasm comprising neoplastic endothelial cells accounting for 1%-4% of soft tissue sarcomas. While lymphedema-associated and post-irradiation ASs are almost always driven by a high-level amplification of MYC (8q24), sporadic ASs, including those of breast parenchymal origin, typically lack MYC amplification. Here, we report a case of sporadic breast MYC-amplified AS in a 19-year-old female with no history of lymphedema or irradiation, who was referred to our hospital for an enlarging right breast mass.

Nanopore DNA Sequencing Detected Chromothripsis-Induced PAFAH1B1::USP6 Rearrangement in Periosteal Solid Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Initially Diagnosed as Osteosarcoma.

An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign bone neoplasm that typically occurs during the first and second decades of life. ABC usually presents as a rapidly growing intramedullary expansile mass with multiple blood-filled cysts in the metaphysis of the long tubular bones. Here, we report a case of a periosteal solid ABC that was initially diagnosed as a high-grade surface osteosarcoma.

Iterative Motion Correction Technique with Deep Learning Reconstruction for Brain MRI: A Volunteer and Patient Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of iterative motion correction (IMC) on reducing artifacts in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with deep learning reconstruction (DLR). The study included 10 volunteers (between September 2023 and December 2023) and 30 patients (between June 2022 and July 2022) for quantitative and qualitative analyses, respectively. Volunteers were instructed to remain still during the first MRI with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence (FLAIR) and to move during the second scan.

The diagnostic utility of cytology specimen in a case of EWSR1::NFATC2 sarcoma.

EWSR1::NFATC2 sarcoma, a rare round cell sarcoma constituting the majority of EWSR1::non-ETS sarcomas, has recently been defined in the latest WHO classification. To date, the cytological findings of EWSR1::NFATC2 sarcoma remain undocumented. We present the case of a 25-year-old man with a history of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in the right leg, referred to our hospital with left thigh pain.

High-risk Features for Recurrence in Patients With Stage III Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background/aim: Risk classification for recurrence in stage III colorectal cancer (CRC) is not as well established as it is for stage II. This study aimed to identify high-risk factors for stage III colorectal cancer and to investigate their clinical significance.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 120 patients with stage III CRC who had undergone curative colectomy at our institution between 2014 and 2020.

Relationship between stress levels and endolymphatic space volume in Meniere's disease.

Objectives: Since the first report by Hallpike and Yamakawa in 1938, many more patients with Meniere's disease (MD) with endolymphatic hydrops (EHs) have been described. Mental/physical stress and a subsequent increase in the release of the anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) supposedly triggers MD. In the present study, to assess the relationship between stress and EHs, we conducted a series of stress-related questionnaires as well as a 3D endolymphatic space (ELS) analysis in patients with unilateral MD.

Clinical significance of the 2016 WHO classification in Japanese patients with gliomas.

In this study, we retrospectively compared the prognostic value of the 2016 WHO classification with the former classification in 387 patients with glioma treated at our institution. According to the new classification, diagnoses included oligodendroglioma with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion (5.4%), anaplastic oligodendroglioma with IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion (3.

Temozolomide suppresses MYC via activation of TAp63 to inhibit progression of human glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive and chemoradioresistant brain malignancy. Temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA-alkylating agent, is effective against GBM and has become the standard first-line drug. However, the mechanism by which TMZ regulates the progression of GBM remains elusive.

ALK fusion gene positive lung cancer and 3 cases treated with an inhibitor for ALK kinase activity.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene-positive lung cancer accounts for 4-5% of non-small cell lung carcinoma. A clinical trial of the specific inhibitor of ALK fusion-type tyrosine kinase is currently under way.

Methods: ALK fusion gene products were analyzed immunohistochemically with the materials obtained by surgery or by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA).

EML4-ALK fusion gene assessment using metastatic lymph node samples obtained by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration.

Purpose: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion genes represent novel oncogenes for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Several ALK inhibitors have been developed, and are now being evaluated in ALK-positive NSCLC. The feasibility of detecting ALK fusion genes in samples obtained by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) was determined.

Polycomb group molecule PHC3 regulates polycomb complex composition and prognosis of osteosarcoma.

Polyhomeotic homolog 3 (PHC 3) is a member of the human polycomb complex and has been regarded as a candidate tumor suppressor of osteosarcoma. In the present paper, we performed a mutation survey and PHC3 expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR using 10 osteosarcoma cell lines and 42 primary osteosarcoma samples. Relative PHC3 expression values of clinical samples were analyzed with clinical outcomes, and it was suggested that lower PHC3-expressing patients had significantly worse overall survival.

RUNX3 modulates DNA damage-mediated phosphorylation of tumor suppressor p53 at Ser-15 and acts as a co-activator for p53.

Although it has been shown that the gastric tumor suppressor RUNX3 has a growth inhibitory activity, the precise molecular mechanisms behind RUNX3-mediated tumor suppression remained unclear. In this study, we found that RUNX3 is closely involved in DNA damage-dependent phosphorylation of tumor suppressor p53 at Ser-15 and acts as a co-activator for p53. The small interference RNA-mediated knockdown of RUNX3 inhibited adriamycin (ADR)-dependent apoptosis in p53-proficient cells but not in p53-deficient cells in association with a significant reduction of p53-target gene expression as well as phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15.

Identification of the small interstitial deletion at chromosome band 1p34-p35 and its association with poor outcome in oligodendroglial tumors.

To narrow down the putative tumor-suppressor gene locus and to assess the predictability of clinical courses by genomic alterations, we analyzed 46 oligodendroglial tumors for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the distal region of the short arm of chromosome 1. LOH at 1p was found in 43 tumors (93.5%), including all 28 oligodendrogliomas, all eight oligo-astrocytomas, six of eight anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, and in one of two anaplastic oligo-astrocytomas.