Acid mine drainage (AMD) endangers pomegranate trees nearby a copper mine.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is known as an important source of environmental pollution with potentially toxic elements. High concentrations of minerals in soil were observed in a pomegranate garden nearby a copper mine, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran. In the vicinity of this mine, AMD locally caused distinct chlorosis in pomegranate trees.

The redox status of salinity-stressed under salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside treatments.

Spreading the cultivation of crops with high nutritional values such as quinoa demands a wide area of research to overcome the adverse effects of environmental stress. This study aimed at investigating the role of salicylic acid (SA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a nitric oxide donor, priming at improving the antioxidant defense systems in boosting salinity tolerance in quinoa. These two treatments, SA (0.

The potential of foliar application of nano-chitosan-encapsulated nano-silicon donor in amelioration the adverse effect of salinity in the wheat plant.

Background: Nano-materials ameliorate the adverse effect of salinity stress on the physiological and biochemical processes in plants. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the physiological mechanisms through which a nano-chitosan-encapsulated nano-silicon fertilizer (NC-NS) can ameliorate the adverse effect of salinity stress on the wheat plants, and compare it with nano-chitosan (NC) and nano-silicon (NS) application. Nano-silicon was encapsulated with a chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nano-matrix by ionic gelation method for its slow release.

Effect of sodium nitroprusside on physiological and anatomical features of salt-stressed Raphanus sativus.

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which produces nitric oxide (NO) has the well-documented potential to alleviate the adverse effects of various abiotic stressors such as salinity. The present study aimed at investigating how the application of SNP can ameliorate the adverse effects of salt stress and boost tolerance in Raphanus sativus. Salt stress induced by application of 100 or 200 mM NaCl significantly decreased photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence, followed by a significant reduction in carbohydrate content.

Does silicon really matter for the photosynthetic machinery in plants…?

Silicon (Si) is known to alleviate the adverse impact of different abiotic and biotic stresses by different mechanisms including morphological, physiological, and genetic changes. Photosynthesis, one of the most important physiological processes in the plant is sensitive to different stress factors. Several studies have shown that Si ameliorates the stress effects on photosynthesis by protecting photosynthetic machinery and its function.

Progress in understanding salt stress response in plants using biotechnological tools.

Salinization is a worldwide environmental problem, which is negatively impacting crop yield and thus posing a threat to the world's food security. Considering the rising threat of salinity, it is need of time, to understand the salt tolerant mechanism in plants and find avenues for the development of salinity resistant plants. Several plants tolerate salinity in a different manner, thereby halophytes and glycophytes evolved altered mechanisms to counter the stress.

COVID-19 Prophylaxis Efforts Based on Natural Antiviral Plant Extracts and Their Compounds.

During the time of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it has been crucial to search for novel antiviral drugs from plants and well as other natural sources as alternatives for prophylaxis. This work reviews the antiviral potential of plant extracts, and the results of previous research for the treatment and prophylaxis of coronavirus disease and previous kinds of representative coronaviruses group. Detailed descriptions of medicinal herbs and crops based on their origin native area, plant parts used, and their antiviral potentials have been conducted.

Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Growing-Point Development of Non-Vernalized Wheat Plants under Long-Day Conditions.

The goal of this study was to determine whether the application of gibberellic acid (GA) to seeds of common wheat varieties with different vernalization and photoperiod requirements affects the transition from vegetative to generative stage. Three varieties of wheat with different photoperiod sensitivities and vernalization were selected for the experiment-the winter varieties, Mironovskaya and Bezostaya, and the spring variety, Sirael. Seeds were treated with different concentrations of GA and plants were grown under long-day conditions with monitoring of their photosynthetic activity (F/F, P, E, g).

Betacyanins and Betaxanthins in Cultivated Varieties of L. Compared to Weed Beets.

There are 11 different varieties of L. that are used in the food industry, including sugar beets, beetroots, Swiss chard, and fodder beets. The typical red coloration of their tissues is caused by the indole-derived glycosides known as betalains that were analyzed in hypocotyl extracts by UV/Vis spectrophotometry to determine the content of betacyanins (betanin) and of betaxanthins (vulgaxanthin I) as constituents of the total betalain content.

Cross-talk between nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and calcium in salt-stressed Chenopodium quinoa Willd. At seed germination stage.

Seed germination is critical for successful crop production and this growth stage can be very sensitive to salt stress depending on the plant's tolerance mechanisms. The pretreatment of Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) seeds with CaCl, HO and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) limited the adverse effect of salt stress on seed germination. The pre-treated seeds showed a significant increase in germination rate, relative germination rate and germination index while the mean germination time was significantly reduced under both optimal and stress conditions.

Resistance of Fritillaria imperialis to freezing stress through gene expression, osmotic adjustment and antioxidants.

Plant survival in response to freezing stress depends on the efficient activation of tolerance mechanisms. Fritillaria imperialis exposure to freezing stress enhanced signalling molecules Ca and HO along with overexpression of Ca signalling proteins (Ca dependent protein kinases, CPK), followed by upregulation of NHX1 (Na/H antiporter), LEA (late embryogenesis abundant proteins) and P5CS (1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase). Overexpression of OsCNGC6 was responsible for high accumulation Ca, Na and K.

Comparing Salt Tolerance at Seedling and Germination Stages in Local Populations of L. to L. and L.

Salt stress is one of the most serious environmental stressors that affect productivity of salt-sensitive crops. is an annual legume whose adaptation to agroclimatic conditions has not been well described. This study focused on the salinity tolerance of genotypes compared to and in terms of plant growth, physiology, and biochemistry.

Characterization of responses to diluted and undiluted industrial wastewater.

Rising water scarcity, together with increased industrial wastewater production, suggests reusing of wastewater for plant irrigation. The wastewater from Razi petrochemical complex contained different salts and heavy metals. Variation in responses to wastewater irrigation has recommended appropriate levels of mineral nutrients in diluted wastewater that stimulated plant growth, and toxic levels of salts in undiluted wastewater that restricted plant growth.

Effect of Cold Stress on Photosynthetic Traits, Carbohydrates, Morphology, and Anatomy in Nine Cultivars of .

Bertoni is a sweet medicinal herb that is cultivated worldwide. This study aimed to identify the genotypic responses and function of nine cultivars of (accession numbers 1-9 from the EUSTAS Stevia Gene Bank) to low temperature. Plants were grown and incubated under controlled conditions at 5° or 25°C for 1 month.

Antioxidant potential in callus in response to polyethylene glycol, paclobutrazol and gibberellin treatments.

The study on callus has the potential to advance the knowledge of antioxidant mechanisms involved in unorganized cells response to drought stress. The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG; 0 and 4% w/v) in combination with paclobutrazol (PBZ; 0 and 2 mg l) and gibberellin (GA; 0 and 2 mg l) were studied on callus. PEG treatment led to an oxidative stress, as indicated by increased HO content whose accumulation was prevented with PBZ and GA treatments.

Gene transcription and steviol glycoside accumulation in Stevia rebaudiana under polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress in greenhouse cultivation.

Stevia rebaudiana is a sweet herb of the Astraceae family, which is cultivated for the natural sweeteners it contains. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of drought, simulated by the application of polyethylene glycol (5%, 10%, and 15% w/v), on the content of steviol glycosides (SVglys) and transcription levels of six genes involved in the biosynthesis of these natural sweeteners. The transcription levels of ent-kaurene synthase, ent-kaurene oxidase, ent-kaurenoic acid hydroxylase, and three UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases, UGT85C2,UGT74G1 and UGT76G1 were downregulated under polyethylene glycol treatment.

Antioxidant response of Stevia rebaudiana B. to polyethylene glycol and paclobutrazol treatments under in vitro culture.

This investigation was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of paclobutrazol (PBZ) (0 and 2 mg l(-1)) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0, 2, 4 and 6 % w/v of PEG 6000) treatments on antioxidant system of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni under in vitro condition. Analysis of data showed that PEG treatment significantly increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and phenolic contents, while PBZ treatment limited the effect of PEG on them. Our data revealed that PEG treatment significantly increased total antioxidant capacity, catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity, while it inversely decreased glutathione reductase (GR) activity.

Effects of paclobutrazol and salt stress on growth and ionic contents in two cultivars of wheat.

The effect ofpaclobutrazol (PBZ) treatment on salinity tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum), were investigated for two salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars. Salinity with PBZ treatment significantly reduced the plant height and length and area of sixth leaf in both cultivars. With increasing salinity, a gradually reduction was observed in roots length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and sixth leaf and relative water content of PBZ-applied plants in both cultivars.