Lille Apathy Rating Scale-Patient Version in Stroke Survivors: Psychometric Properties and Diagnostic Accuracy.

Objectives: This study evaluated the factorial structure, psychometric properties, and diagnostic accuracy of the Persian version of the Lille Apathy Rating Scale-Patient version (LARS-P) in stroke survivors.

Participants: This study comprised 105 stroke survivors and 41 healthy controls.

Methods And Setting: Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the factors of the LARS-P.

Patient with a history of Glanzmann thrombasthenia presented with chronic subdural hematoma: a case report study.

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare platelet disorder characterized by qualitative/quantitative deficiencies of the platelets' fibrinogen receptor, glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex, resulting in impaired platelet aggregation and increased bleeding time. Most cases are hereditary with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, but acquired GT also occurs. We report the surgical management of symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), a rare condition in young individuals, in a 37-year-old man who had GT and a history of mild head trauma approximately one month before admission.

Apathy exacerbates postural control impairments in stroke survivors: The potential effects of cognitive dual-task for improving postural control.

Apathy is a stressor and debilitating common condition for both stroke survivors and their caregivers. However, its effects on the postural control of these patients have not yet been investigated. Improved postural stability through withdrawing attention from postural control by concurrent cognitive task (i.

Overload of anxiety on postural control impairments in chronic stroke survivors: The role of external focus and cognitive task on the automaticity of postural control.

Background: Despite the high prevalence of anxiety among chronic stroke survivors and evidence of its negative effects on postural control in healthy subjects, it is unclear whether anxiety also affects postural control in these patients. Recent evidence of improved postural control of healthy subjects by distracting the attention using an external focus (EF) or cognitive task, raises the question of whether similar benefits would be observed in stroke survivors. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of anxiety and distracting the attention on postural control of chronic stroke survivors in terms of both postural sway measures and neuromuscular regulation.

Anxiety and cognitive load affect upper limb motor control in Parkinson's disease during medication phases.

Anxiety is among the most debilitating nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to determine how PD patients with low and high levels of anxiety (LA-PD and HA-PD, respectively) compare with age- and sex-matched controls at the level of motor control of reach-to-grasp movements during single- and dual-task conditions with varying complexity. Reach-to-grasp movement kinematics were assessed in 20 LA-PD, 20 HA-PD, and 20 sex- and age-matched healthy controls under single- as well as easy and difficult dual-task conditions.

Reliability, validity, and diagnostic accuracy of Parkinson's Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale in Iranian patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Purpose: To investigate the reliability and validity of Parkinson's Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) in Iranian patients with idiopathic PD.

Methods: One hundred and eighty patients with PD and 60 age-, gender-, and educational level-matched healthy individuals participated in this study. Inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the Persian version of PD-CRS was investigated in 80 patients with PD.

Staging of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: validity of Quick Dementia Rating System.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the ability of the Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS) to discriminate patients with PD who have mild cognitive impairment from those without cognitive impairment and those with dementia.

Method: A total of 105 patients with PD were classified as without cognitive impairment ( = 32), with mild cognitive impairment ( = 23), and PDD ( = 50), according to their score on clinical dementia rating. Multivariate regression analysis was performed considering age, education, and disease severity as covariates and mild cognitive impairment or dementia as outcome variables.

Bucladesine Attenuates Spatial Learning and Hippocampal Mitochondrial Impairments Induced by 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).

Neurotoxic effects of systemic administration of 3, 4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been attributed to MDMA and its metabolites. However, the role of the parent compound in MDMA-induced mitochondrial and memory impairment has not yet been investigated. Moreover, it is not yet studied that analogs of 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) could decrease these neurotoxic effects of MDMA.

Can Postural Instability in Individuals with Distal Radius Fractures Be Alleviated by Concurrent Cognitive Tasks?

Background: Although impaired postural control may be a risk factor for distal radius fractures (wrist fractures), which often are caused by falls, little attention has been given thus far to the various performance and neurophysiologic aspects involved. Although studies suggest that external focus and cognitive tasks can improve postural control, it remains unclear whether these benefits are observed in individuals with a history of distal radius fracture and to what extent.

Questions/purposes: (1) To compare patients with a history of distal radius fracture to age- and sex-matched controls in terms of postural stability while standing on stable and unstable support surfaces, using both postural sway and neurophysiological measures as endpoints; and (2) to determine whether internal- and external-focus strategies and cognitive tasks can improve postural stability in these patients.

Time-course investigation of postural sway variability: Does anxiety exacerbate the sensory reweighting impairment in chronic stroke survivors?

Although anxiety is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders in stroke survivors, its effect on sensory reweighting has not yet been fully studied. The aim of this work was to investigate how anticipation of collision avoidance events affects sensory reweighting in chronic stroke survivors with low and high levels of anxiety (LA-stroke and HA-stroke, respectively), as compared with healthy controls (HC), under the condition of perturbed proprioception. Eighteen LA-stroke and 18 HA-stroke survivors, as well as 18 gender- and age-matched HC, participated in this study.

Improvement of Upper Limb Motor Control and Function After Competitive and Noncompetitive Volleyball Exercises in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of competitive and noncompetitive volleyball exercises on the functional performance and motor control of the upper limbs in chronic stroke survivors.

Design: Randomized clinical trial.

Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation center.

The effects of anxiety and external attentional focus on postural control in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Background: Although anxiety is a common non-motor outcome of Parkinson's disease (PD) affecting 40% of patients, little attention has been paid so far to its effects on balance impairment and postural control. Improvement of postural control through focusing on the environment (i.e.

Effects of cognitive load on the amount and temporal structure of postural sway variability in stroke survivors.

This study aimed to investigate the variability in postural sway patterns during quiet standing in stroke survivors. The postural sway was measured in 19 stroke survivors, as well as 19 healthy demographically matched participants, at 3 levels of postural difficulty (rigid surface with closed and open eyes, and foam surface with closed eyes), and 3 levels of cognitive difficulty (without a cognitive task, easy and difficult cognitive tasks). Both linear analyses (the amount of postural sway variability, including the standard deviation of the COP velocity in both the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions), as well as non-linear analyses [the temporal structure of the COP variability, including % Recurrence, % Determinism, Shannon Entropy, Trend and the maximum diagonal line (D )] were employed.

Mitochondrial impairments contribute to spatial learning and memory dysfunction induced by chronic tramadol administration in rat: Protective effect of physical exercise.

Despite the worldwide use of tramadol, few studies have been conducted about its effects on memory and mitochondrial function, and controversial results have been reported. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in physical exercise as a protective approach to neuronal and cognitive impairments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical exercise on spatial learning and memory and brain mitochondrial function in tramadol-treated rats.

The effect of arsenite on spatial learning: Involvement of autophagy and apoptosis.

Spatial learning plays a major role in one's information recording. Arsenic is one of ubiquitous environmental toxins with known neurological effects. However, studies investigating the effects of arsenic on spatial learning and related mechanisms are limited.

Protective effects of physical exercise on MDMA-induced cognitive and mitochondrial impairment.

Debate continues about the effect of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on cognitive and mitochondrial function through the CNS. It has been shown that physical exercise has an important protective effect on cellular damage and death. Therefore, we investigated the effect of physical exercise on MDMA-induced impairments of spatial learning and memory as well as MDMA effects on brain mitochondrial function in rats.

Melatonin reverses H-89 induced spatial memory deficit: Involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function.

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play indispensable role in memory and learning impairment. Growing evidences have shed light on anti-oxidative role for melatonin in memory deficit. We have previously reported that inhibition of protein kinase A by H-89 can induce memory impairment.

The effects of a short-term memory task on postural control of stroke patients.

Background: Many studies have been conducted on the changes in the balance capabilities of stroke patients. However, results regarding the effects of dual-task activities on postural control in these patients have been variable.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a short-term memory task on the sway characteristics of stroke patients.

BDNF modifies hippocampal KCC2 and NKCC1 expression in a temporal lobe epilepsy model.

Excitatory GABA actions, induced by altered expression of chloride transporters (KCC2/NKCC1), can contribute to seizure generation in temporal lobe epilepsy. In the present study, we evaluated whether BDNF administration can affect KCC2/NKCC1 expression, ictogenesis and behavioral alterations in this paradigm. Status epilepticus was induced in male rats with pilocarpine, followed by a treatment of either a single high dose or multiple injections of BDNF during the latent phase of temporal lobe epilepsy.