Effects of oxygen vacancies and interfacial strain on the metal-insulator transition of VO nanobeams.

The role of oxygen vacancies and interfacial strain on the metal-insulator transition (MIT) behavior of high-quality VO nanobeams (NBs) synthesized on SiO/Si substrates employing VO as a precursor has been investigated in this research. Selective oxygen vacancies have been generated by argon plasma irradiation. The MIT is progressively suppressed as the duration of plasma processing increases; in addition, the temperature of MIT () drops by up to 95 K relative to the pristine VO NBs.

High-performance multilayer WSe/SnSp-n heterojunction photodetectors by two step confined space chemical vapor deposition.

Two-dimensional (2D) p-n heterojunctions have attracted great attention due to their outstanding properties in electronic and optoelectronic devices, especially in photodetectors. Various types of heterojunctions have been constituted by mechanical exfoliation and stacking. However, achieving controlled growth of heterojunction structures remains a tremendous challenge.

High-Responsivity and Broadband MoS Photodetector Using Interfacial Engineering.

Combining MoS with mature silicon technology is an effective method for preparing high-performance photodetectors. However, the previously studied MoS/silicon-based heterojunction photodetectors cannot simultaneously demonstrate high responsivity, a fast response time, and broad spectral detection. We constructed a broad spectral n-type MoS/p-type silicon-based heterojunction photodetector.

α-Subunit Tyrosine Phosphorylation Is Required for Activation of the Large Conductance Ca-Activated Potassium Channel in the Rabbit Sphincter of Oddi.

Large conductance Ca-activated potassium (BK) channels are regulated by intracellular free Ca concentrations ([Ca]i) and channel protein phosphorylation. In hypercholesterolemia (HC), motility impairment of the sphincter of Oddi (SO) is associated with abnormal [Ca]i accumulation in smooth muscle cells of the rabbit SO (RSOSMCs), which is closely related to BK channel activity. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating channel activity remain unclear.

Immunological characteristics of MAV/06 strain of varicella-zoster virus vaccine in an animal model.

Background: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a pathogen that causes chickenpox and shingles in humans. Different types of the varicella vaccines derived from the Oka and MAV/06 strains are commercially available worldwide. Although the MAV/06 vaccine was introduced in 1990s, little was known about immunological characteristics.

Optimizing the radiomics-machine-learning model based on non-contrast enhanced CT for the simplified risk categorization of thymic epithelial tumors: A large cohort retrospective study.

Purpose: This study aimed to establish and compare the radiomics machine learning (ML) models based on non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (NECT) and clinical features for predicting the simplified risk categorization of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).

Experimental Design: A total of 509 patients with pathologically confirmed TETs from January 2009 to May 2018 were retrospectively enrolled, consisting of 238 low-risk thymoma (LRT), 232 high-risk thymoma (HRT), and 39 thymic carcinoma (TC), and were divided into training (n = 433) and testing cohorts (n = 76) according to the admission time. Volumes of interest (VOIs) covering the whole tumor were manually segmented on preoperative NECT images.

Lithography-free and high-efficiency preparation of black phosphorous devices by direct evaporation through shadow mask.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials including black phosphorus (BP) have been extensively investigated because of their exotic physical properties and potential applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. Fabricating BP based devices is challenging because BP is extremely sensitive to the external environment, especially to the chemical contamination during the lithography process. The direct evaporation through shadow mask technique is a clean method for lithography-free electrode patterning of 2D materials.

A case of a 22-year-old man with primary synovial sarcoma of the parapharyngeal space with an somatic mutation: A case report and review of the literature.

This case report describes a 22-year-old man with a pharyngeal foreign body sensation arising from the left side of the postpharyngeal wall. Histological examination showed a biphasic pattern of epithelioid and spindle cells including glandular differentiation. The tumour was positive for vimentin and SS18-SSX, and the spindle cells were positive for bcl-2; in contrast, the epithelioid tumour cells were positive for pan-cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and CD99.

Status and prospects of Ohmic contacts on two-dimensional semiconductors.

In recent years, two-dimensional materials have received more and more attention in the development of semiconductor devices, and their practical applications in optoelectronic devices have also developed rapidly. However, there are still some factors that limit the performance of two-dimensional semiconductor material devices, and one of the most important is Ohmic contact. Here, we elaborate on a variety of approaches to achieve Ohmic contacts on two-dimensional materials and reveal their physical mechanisms.

Incidence of Cerebral Infarction in Northwest China From 2009 to 2018.

Background: There is a lack of epidemiological analysis of patients with cerebral infarction in northwest China. In the present investigation, we conducted a retrospective analysis to collect information on epidemiological characteristics of patients with cerebral infarction in five provinces of northwest China and the Shanxi Province of patients who were hospitalized in the Tangdu Hospital. This project should provide a scientific basis for active prevention and treatment of cerebral infarction.

Bidirectional doping of two-dimensional thin-layer transition metal dichalcogenides using soft ammonia plasma.

Because of suitable band gap and high mobility, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials are promising in future microelectronic devices. However, controllable p-type and n-type doping of TMDs is still a challenge. Herein, we develop a soft plasma doping concept and demonstrate both n-type and p-type doping for TMDs including MoS and WS through adjusting the plasma working parameters.

Large-scale MoSSemonolayers synthesized by confined-space CVD.

Alloy engineering is efficient in modulating the electronic structure and physical and chemical properties of Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Here, we develop an efficient and simple confined-space CVD strategy by using a smaller quartz boat nested in a larger quartz boat for the preparation of ternary alloy MoSSemonolayers on SiO/Si substrates with controllable composition. The effect of hydrogen ratio of the mixed carrier gas (Ar/H) on the resultant flakes are systematically investigated.

Classification of Prostate Transitional Zone Cancer and Hyperplasia Using Deep Transfer Learning From Disease-Related Images.

Purpose The diagnosis of prostate transition zone cancer (PTZC) remains a clinical challenge due to their similarity to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on MRI. The Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) showed high efficacy in diagnosing PTZC on medical imaging but was limited by the small data size. A transfer learning (TL) method was combined with deep learning to overcome this challenge.

Controllable Epitaxial Growth of Large-Area MoS /WS Vertical Heterostructures by Confined-Space Chemical Vapor Deposition.

The controllable large-area growth of single-crystal vertical heterostructures based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) remains a challenge. Here, large-area vertical MoS /WS heterostructures are synthesized using single-step confined-space chemical vapor epitaxy. The heterostructures can evolve into two different kinds by switching the H flow on and off: MoS /WS heterostructures with multiple WS domains can be achieved without introducing the H flow due to the numerous nucleation centers on the bottom MoS monolayer during the transition stage between the MoS and WS monolayer growth.

Long non-coding RNA MIR22HG inhibits glioma progression by downregulating microRNA-9/CPEB3.

Glioma is one of the most common and aggressive malignant intracranial tumors worldwide. Recently, non-coding RNAs have been found to play critical roles in the development of glioma. However, the exact mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.

Differentiation of Pseudoprogression from True Progressionin Glioblastoma Patients after Standard Treatment: A Machine Learning Strategy Combinedwith Radiomics Features from T-weighted Contrast-enhanced Imaging.

Background: Based on conventional MRI images, it is difficult to differentiatepseudoprogression from true progressionin GBM patients after standard treatment, which isa critical issue associated with survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of machine learning using radiomics modelfrom T-weighted contrast enhanced imaging(TCE) in differentiating pseudoprogression from true progression after standard treatment for GBM.

Methods: Seventy-sevenGBM patients, including 51 with true progression and 26 with pseudoprogression,who underwent standard treatment and TCE, were retrospectively enrolled.

Mucopolysaccharidoses I and II: Brief Review of Therapeutic Options and Supportive/Palliative Therapies.

. Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are group of inherited lysosomal storage diseases caused by mutations of enzymes involved in catalyzing different glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). MPS I and MPS II exhibit both somatic and neurological symptoms with a relatively high disease incidence.

2D atomic crystal molecular superlattices by soft plasma intercalation.

Two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystal superlattices integrate diverse 2D layered materials enabling adjustable electronic and optical properties. However, tunability of the interlayer gap and interactions remain challenging. Here we report a solution based on soft oxygen plasma intercalation.

High performance IGZO-based phototransistors by BN/BP interface engineering.

Some advances have been achieved in developing heterojunctions consisting of indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) films and two dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials for optoelectronic applications in recent years, however, the improvement of IGZO channel itself via constructing such heterojunctions is rarely reported. Here, we report the huge improvement in photoresponse performances for the IGZO phototransistor devices by introducing boron nitride (BN)/black phosphorus (BP) interface engineering. By creating an appropriate band bending and an efficient photo-generated carrier transfer path between IGZO and BP, the recombination of the photo-generated carriers in the IGZO channel is significantly suppressed.

Perfusion, Diffusion, Or Brain Tumor Barrier Integrity: Which Represents The Glioma Features Best?

Purpose: This study aims to incorporate informative histogram indicator analyses and advanced multimodal MRI parameters to differentiate low-grade gliomas (LGGs) from high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and to explore the features associated with patients' survival.

Patients And Methods: A total of 120 patients with pathologically confirmed LGGs or HGGs receiving conventional and advanced MRI such as three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL), intravoxel incoherent motion-diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) were included. The mean and histogram indicators from advanced MRI were calculated from the entire tumor.

Multi-modal MRI Reveals the Neurovascular Coupling Dysfunction in Chronic Migraine.

Previous studies reported that long-term nociceptive stimulation could result in neurovascular coupling (NVC) dysfunction in brain, but these studies were based mainly on unimodal imaging biomarkers, thus could not comprehensively reflect NVC dysfunction. We investigated the potential NVC dysfunction in chronic migraine by exploring the relationship between neuronal activity and cerebral perfusion maps. The Pearson correlation coefficients between these 2 maps were defined as the NVC biomarkers.

Two-Dimensional Alloying Molybdenum Tin Disulfide Monolayers with Fast Photoresponse.

Elemental alloying in monolayer, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) promises unprecedented ability to modulate their electronic structure leading to unique optoelectronic properties. MoS monolayer based photodetectors typically exhibit a high photoresponsivity but suffer from a low response time. Here we develop a new approach for Sn alloying in MoS monolayers based on the synergy of the customized chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and the effects of common salt (NaCl) to produce high-quality and large-size MoSnS ( < 0.

Recent advances in plasma modification of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials have recently attracted great interest because of their tantalising prospects for a broad range of applications including electronics, optoelectronics, and energy storage. Unlike bulk materials, the device performance of atomically thin 2D materials is determined by the interface, thickness and defects. Plasma processing is very effective for diverse modifications of nanoscale 2D TMDC materials, owing to its uniquely controllable, effective processes and energy efficiency.

Disturbed neurovascular coupling in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: Evidence from a comprehensive fMRI analysis.

Background: Previous studies presumed that the disturbed neurovascular coupling to be a critical risk factor of cognitive impairments in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but distinct clinical manifestations were lacked. Consequently, we decided to investigate the neurovascular coupling in T2DM patients by exploring the MRI relationship between neuronal activity and the corresponding cerebral blood perfusion.

Methods: Degree centrality (DC) map and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) map were used to represent neuronal activity.

Transition metal dichalcogenides bilayer single crystals by reverse-flow chemical vapor epitaxy.

Epitaxial growth of atomically thin two-dimensional crystals such as transition metal dichalcogenides remains challenging, especially for producing large-size transition metal dichalcogenides bilayer crystals featuring high density of states, carrier mobility and stability at room temperature. Here we achieve in epitaxial growth of the second monolayer from the first monolayer by reverse-flow chemical vapor epitaxy and produce high-quality, large-size transition metal dichalcogenides bilayer crystals with high yield, control, and reliability. Customized temperature profiles and reverse gas flow help activate the first layer without introducing new nucleation centers leading to near-defect-free epitaxial growth of the second layer from the existing nucleation centers.