Morphological classification of neurons based on Sugeno fuzzy integration and multi-classifier fusion.

In order to extract more important morphological features of neuron images and achieve accurate classification of the neuron type, a method is proposed that uses Sugeno fuzzy integral integration of three optimized deep learning models, namely AlexNet, VGG11_bn, and ResNet-50. Firstly, using the pre-trained model of AlexNet and the output layer is fine-tuned to improve the model's performance. Secondly, in the VGG11_bn network, Global Average Pooling (GAP) is adopted to replace the traditional fully connected layer to reduce the number of parameters.

Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 propelled micro-robot with pH sensitivity for hypoxia targeted intestinal tumor therapy.

Poor drug penetration in hypoxia area of solid tumor is a big challenge for intestinal tumor therapy and thus it is crucial to develop an effective strategy to overcome this challenge. Compared with other bacteria used for construction of hypoxia targeted bacteria micro-robot, the Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) bacteria are nonpathogenic Gram-negative probiotic and can especially target and identify the signal molecules in the hypoxic region of tumor, and thus, in this study, we choose EcN to construct a bacteria propelled micro-robot for targeting intestinal tumor therapy. Firstly, the MSNs@DOX with average diameter of 200 nm were synthesized and conjugated with EcN bacteria using EDC/NHS chemical crosslinking method to construct a EcN propelled micro-robot.

Calcium peroxide alleviates the waterlogging stress of rapeseed by improving root growth status in a rice-rape rotation field.

Waterlogging stress has a negative influence on agricultural production, particularly for rapeseed yield in a rice-rape rotation field. To alleviate the profound impacts of waterlogging stress on rapeseed production, a new fertilization with calcium peroxide (CaO) was proposed. In this field experiment, with the conventional rape ( L.

Aus rice root architecture variation contributing to grain yield under drought suggests a key role of nodal root diameter class.

The aus rice variety group originated in stress-prone regions and is a promising source for the development of new stress-tolerant rice cultivars. In this study, an aus panel (~220 genotypes) was evaluated in field trials under well-watered and drought conditions and in the greenhouse (basket, herbicide and lysimeter studies) to investigate relationships between grain yield and root architecture, and to identify component root traits behind the composite trait of deep root growth. In the field trials, high and stable grain yield was positively related to high and stable deep root growth (r = 0.

Enhances Adaptation to Low Nitrogen Levels and Cadmium Stress.

Environmental acclimation ability plays a key role in plant growth, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we determined the involvement of PLANT DEFENSIN 1 gene in the adaptation to low nitrogen (LN) levels and cadmium (Cd) stress. Histochemical analysis revealed that was mainly expressed in the nodes and carpopodium and was significantly induced in plants exposed to LN conditions and Cd stress.

A comparison of the mechanisms and performances of Acorus calamus, Pontederia cordata and Alisma plantagoaquatica in removing nitrogen from farmland wastewater.

This study examined the performances of Acorus calamus, Pontederia cordata, and Alisma plantagoaquatica in removing nitrogen (N) from farmland wastewater. P. cordata showed the fastest rate of N removal, followed by A.

Ammonium Accumulation Caused by Reduced Tonoplast V-ATPase Activity in .

Plant vacuoles are unique compartments that play a critical role in plant growth and development. The vacuolar H-ATPase (V-ATPase), together with the vacuolar H-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), generates the proton motive force that regulates multiple cell functions and impacts all aspects of plant life. We investigated the effect of V-ATPase activity in the vacuole on plant growth and development.

Genome-Wide Differential DNA Methylation and miRNA Expression Profiling Reveals Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Nitrogen-Limitation-Triggered Adaptation and Use Efficiency Enhancement in Allotetraploid Rapeseed.

Improving crop nitrogen (N) limitation adaptation (NLA) is a core approach to enhance N use efficiency (NUE) and reduce N fertilizer application. Rapeseed has a high demand for N nutrients for optimal plant growth and seed production, but it exhibits low NUE. Epigenetic modification, such as DNA methylation and modification from small RNAs, is key to plant adaptive responses to various stresses.

Effects of biochar-based controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen-use efficiency of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.).

Biochar-based controlled release nitrogen fertilizers (BCRNFs) have received increasing attention due to their ability to improve nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) and increase crop yields. We previously developed a novel BCRNF, but its effects on soil microbes, NUE, and crop yields have not been reported. Therefore, we designed a pot experiment with five randomised treatments: CK (without urea and biochar), B (addition biochar without urea), B + U (biochar mixed urea), Urea (addition urea without biochar), and BCRNF (addition BCRNF), to investigate the effects of BCRNF on nitrifiers and denitrifiers, and how these impact nitrogen supply and NUE.

Cell Wall Polysaccharide-Mediated Cadmium Tolerance Between Two Ecotypes.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal element and the mechanism(s) underlying Cd tolerance in plants are still unclear. Increasingly more studies have been conducted on Cd binding to plant cell walls (CW) but most of them have focused on Cd fixation by CW pectin, and few studies have examined Cd binding to cellulose and hemicellulose. Here we found that Cd binding to CW pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose was significantly higher in Tor-1, a Cd tolerant ecotype, than in Ph2-23, a sensitive ecotype, as were the concentrations of pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose.

Boron alleviates cadmium toxicity in Brassica napus by promoting the chelation of cadmium onto the root cell wall components.

In Southern China, rice-oil rotations occur on soils with high levels of cadmium (Cd) and low levels of available boron (B). Boron can alleviate Cd toxicity, as it affects the plant cell wall structures and the components that block the entry of Cd into the cytoplasm; however, these mechanisms are not well understood. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescent probe dye, electron microscope, ion abundance (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), metabonomics and transcriptomics were used in the study, and we found that under Cd stress, B increased root pectin content by affecting the biosynthesis pathways and decreasing the activity of pectinase and the expression levels of related genes.

Boron mitigates cadmium toxicity to rapeseed (Brassica napus) shoots by relieving oxidative stress and enhancing cadmium chelation onto cell walls.

In southern China, Brassica napus (rapeseed) is a widely planted oilseed crop in rice-rapeseed rotation systems with characteristically high levels of cadmium (Cd) and low levels of available boron (B). Current knowledge of the ameliorative effects of B on Cd toxicity in plants mainly concerns plant growth, Cd uptake, and Cd translocation, while little attention has been paid to the role of B on plant antioxidant enzyme systems and cell wall chelation of Cd. We explored the mechanisms whereby B improves rapeseed Cd resistance.

Integrated Transcriptional and Proteomic Profiling Reveals Potential Amino Acid Transporters Targeted by Nitrogen Limitation Adaptation.

Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant growth and crop productivity. Organic N is a major form of remobilized N in plants' response to N limitation. It is necessary to understand the regulatory role of N limitation adaption (NLA) in organic N remobilization for this adaptive response.

Encapsulation of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 in a chitosan-alginate matrix by combining layer-by-layer assembly with CaCl cross-linking for an effective treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been widely shown to effectively treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Unfortunately, after oral administration, EcN viability dramatically decreases due to severe environmental factors, including low gastric pH, temperature and osmotic pressure. To address these challenges and improve oral bio-availability, this study utilized layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) and ionic cross-linking with CaCl as a method of EcN encapsulation (GEcN).

SPION-Decorated Exosome Delivered BAY55-9837 Targeting the Pancreas through Magnetism to Improve the Blood GLC Response.

BAY55-9837, a potential therapeutic peptide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is capable of inducing glucose (GLC)-dependent insulin secretion. However, the therapeutic benefit of BAY55-9837 is limited by its short half-life, lack of targeting ability, and poor blood GLC response. How to improve the blood GLC response of BAY55-9837 is an existing problem that needs to be solved.

Low concentration of exogenous ethanol promoted biomass and nutrient accumulation in oilseed rape ( L.).

With hydroponics culture, we monitored the response of the growth and nutrient accumulation of oilseed rape ( L.) to five ethanol concentrations: 0 mL•L (control), 0.0125 mL•L, 0.

Cytocompatible cerium oxide-mediated antioxidative stress in inhibiting ocular inflammation-associated corneal neovascularization.

As oxidative stress is involved with inflammation and neovascularization, blocking oxidative stress may be beneficial for reducing inflammation. To investigate the potential use of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) in treating neovascularization-related ophthalmic diseases, various CeNP samples were synthesized, and the sample with the best antioxidant efficacy was used in a rat model of inflammation-associated corneal neovascularization. This synthesized cerium oxide showed good biocompatibility and was capable of mediating a decrease in the expression levels of inflammatory factors via antioxidative stress.

A multiomics approach reveals the pivotal role of subcellular reallocation in determining rapeseed resistance to cadmium toxicity.

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) has great potential for phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-polluted soils due to its large plant biomass production and strong metal accumulation. Enhanced plant Cd resistance (PCR) is a crucial prerequisite for phytoremediation through hyper-accumulation of excess Cd. However, the complexity of the allotetraploid genome of rapeseed hinders our understanding of PCR.

Balance between nitrogen use efficiency and cadmium tolerance in Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana.

The transmembrane transport of NO and Cd into plant cell vacuoles relies on the energy from their tonoplast proton pumps, V-ATPase and V-PPase. If the activity of these pumps is reduced, it results in less NO and Cd being transported into the vacuoles, which contributes to better nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and lower Cd tolerance in plants. The physiological mechanisms that regulate the balance between NUE and Cd tolerance remain unknown.

Integrated physiologic, genomic and transcriptomic strategies involving the adaptation of allotetraploid rapeseed to nitrogen limitation.

Background: Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient that is essential for optimal plant growth and seed yield. Allotetraploid rapeseed (AACC, 2n = 4x = 38) has a higher requirement for N fertilizers whereas exhibiting a lower N use efficiency (NUE) than cereal crops. N limitation adaptation (NLA) is pivotal for enhancing crop NUE and reducing N fertilizer use in yield production.

NRT1.1-Related NH Toxicity Is Associated with a Disturbed Balance between NH Uptake and Assimilation.

A high concentration of ammonium (NH ) as the sole source of nitrogen in the growth medium often is toxic to plants. The nitrate transporter NRT1.1 is involved in mediating the effects of NH toxicity; however, the mechanism remains undefined.

Genomics-Assisted Identification and Characterization of the Genetic Variants Underlying Differential Nitrogen Use Efficiencies in Allotetraploid Rapeseed Genotypes.

Nitrogen (N) is a non-mineral macronutrient essential for plant growth and development. Oilseed rape (AACC, 2 = 4 = 38) has a high requirement for N nutrients whereas showing the lowest N use efficiency (NUE) among crops. The mechanisms underlying NUE regulation in remain unclear because of genome complexity.

Remediation of Petroleum-contaminated Soil Using Bulrush Straw Powder, Biochar and Nutrients.

The aim of this study was to determine the remediation efficiency of petroleum-contaminated soil from an oilfield using different types of remediation treatments under laboratory conditions. Compared with unamended soil as the control treatment (T1), soil samples were amended with bulrush straw powder (T2), with biochar alone (T3) and in combination with nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) (T4). The remediation experiment was carried out for 8 weeks.