Comparative analysis of impurity profiles in rifampicin capsules with different crystal forms using LC-MS/MS.

Rifampicin (RIF) is a kind of semi-synthetic antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial action, which has remarkable antibacterial activity against many pathogenic microorganisms. The World Health Organization classifies RIF as critically important for human medicine, especially for tuberculosis treatment. The polymorphic nature of RIF contributes to the complexity of the impurities of the drug.

Targeted screening and profiling of massive components of colistimethate sodium by two-dimensional-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based on self-constructed compound database.

In-depth study of the components of polymyxins is the key to controlling the quality of this class of antibiotics. Similarities and variations of components present significant analytical challenges. A two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometr (LC-MS) method was established for screening and comprehensive profiling of compositions of the antibiotic colistimethate sodium (CMS).

Rapid Determination of Trace Ethylene Glycol and Diethylene Glycol in Propylene Glycol-Contained Syrups by Ultrahigh-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry after Precolumn Derivatization.

Ethylene glycol (EG) and diethylene glycol (DEG) are two contaminants known to cause a variety of human health problems, when ingested in certain amounts, they can cause adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and even death. They are widely found in propylene glycol, which is commonly used as a base for pharmaceutical syrups. The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method for the evaluation of EG and DEG in commercially available pediatric syrups.

Zinc Promoted Cross-Electrophile Sulfonylation to Access Alkyl-Alkyl Sulfones.

The transition metal-catalyzed multi-component cross-electrophile sulfonylation, which incorporates SO as a linker within organic frameworks, has proven to be a powerful, efficient, and cost-effective means of synthesizing challenging alkyl-alkyl sulfones. Transition metal catalysts play a crucial role in this method by transferring electrons from reductants to electrophilic organohalides, thereby causing undesirable side reactions such as homocoupling, protodehalogenation, β-hydride elimination, etc. It is worth noting that tertiary alkyl halides have rarely been demonstrated to be compatible with current methods owing to various undesired side reactions.

Discrimination of polysorbate 20 by high-performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detection and characterization for components by expanding compound database and library.

Analyzing polysorbate 20 (PS20) composition and the impact of each component on stability and safety is crucial due to formulation variations and individual tolerance. The similar structures and polarities of PS20 components make accurate separation, identification, and quantification challenging. In this work, a high-resolution quantitative method was developed using single-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with charged aerosol detection (CAD) to separate 18 key components with multiple esters.

An integrated liposome-based microfluidic strategy for rapid colorimetric analysis: A case study of microRNA-21 detection.

In this study, a novel integrated liposome-based microfluidic platform combined with a smartphone was designed for the rapid colorimetric detection of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) in real samples. The flowing surface-functionalized liposomes were first captured by nucleic acid-functionalized Au nanoparticles in the microfluidic chip. In the presence of miRNA-21, the DNA strand modified on the surface of Au nanoparticles hybridized with the target to form double-stranded products and was cleaved by duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) enzyme, causing the liposomes to be re-released.

BushenHuoxue decoction suppresses M1 macrophage polarization and prevents LPS induced inflammatory bone loss by activating AMPK pathway.

Abnormal bone metabolism and subsequence osteoporotic fractures are common complications of chronic inflammatory diseases. No effective treatment for these bone-related complications is available at present. The chronic inflammatory state in these diseases has been considered as a key factor of bone loss.

[Rapid determination of 10 fat-soluble vitamins in health foods by ultra performance convergence chromatography].

Fat-soluble vitamins are important efficacy indicators in health foods because they are essential for human physiological functions. The existing method for the simultaneous determination of fat-soluble vitamins has various problems, such as limited determination components, complex sample, pretreatment process, and high requirements for personnel operating ability. Therefore, establishing a fast, simple, and accurate method that can detect various common fat-soluble vitamins at the same time is necessary.

[Detection of four biogenic amines by liquid chromatography based on aptamer signal replacement combined with cyclic amplification].

Biogenic amines (BAs) represent a class of potentially harmful substances in foods and medicines. Their content is thus an important indicator of proper hygiene in food preparation, and purity of medicines. It is of great practical significance to establish accurate and sensitive detection of BAs in food and drugs.

Three-Dimensional Printed Microdevice to Enhance Headspace Microextraction for Enrichment of Histamine in Milk.

In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) printed microdevice was designed to fix a drop of extractant that was applied to the enrichment of the most toxic biogenic amine, histamine, by headspace single-drop microextraction (HS-SDME). Concomitantly, based on the hybridization chain reaction of the histamine aptamer isothermal nucleic acid amplification strategy, a new fluorescence sensing method was developed to realize the highly sensitive detection of histamine. This is the first application of a 3D-printed microdevice to realize the HS-SDME process, which, among other advantages, effectively solves the problem of unstable and variable drop volumes that can plague traditional SDME and ensures the accuracy and repeatability of the extraction process.

Urolithin B suppressed osteoclast activation and reduced bone loss of osteoporosis via inhibiting ERK/NF-κB pathway.

Objectives: The main target of current drugs for alleviating bone loss is osteoclasts. However, the long-term application of such drugs will also cause side effects. Therefore, it is of great need to develop new and safer therapeutics for osteoporosis.

Ultrahigh-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Detection of Multiple Biogenic Amines in Gentamicin Sulfate: Method Development Using Computer-Assisted Modeling.

In order to solve the problem of difficult separation of various biogenic amines (BAs), which have similar structures or very different polarities, in gentamicin, by conventional liquid chromatography, a new ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) method was developed. In this method, 10 BAs were derivatized precolumn using dansyl chloride and separated using a UHPSFC system. By computational simulation, complete separation of 10 BAs was successfully achieved.

Activation of dopamine receptor D1 promotes osteogenic differentiation and reduces glucocorticoid-induced bone loss by upregulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Background: The inhibition of osteogenic differentiation is a major factor in glucocorticoid-induced bone loss, but there is currently no effective treatment. Dopamine, a major neurotransmitter, transmits signals via five different seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors termed D1 to D5. Although the relevance of the neuroendocrine system in bone metabolism has emerged, the precise effects of dopamine receptor signaling on osteoblastogenesis remain unknown.

Multiply-amplified strategy for the ultrasensitive detection of kanamycin via aptamer-triggered three-dimensional G-quadruplex/Ni-Fe layered double oxide frame networks.

In this work, a multiply-amplified peroxidase-like colorimetric strategy was proposed for the high-specific recognition and ultrasensitive detection of kanamycin (Kana). Based on two Kana-aptamer triggered sequential reactions, G-quadruplex (G4) and DNA (hairpins) modified Ni-Fe layered double oxides (LDOs) could be obtained simultaneously. Later, a three-dimensional G4/LDO frame networks, as a novel DNAzyme, with enhanced peroxidase-like catalytic activity was assembled through electrostatic interaction.

Three-in-one via syringe needle-based device: sampling, microextraction and peroxidase-like catalysis for colorimetric detection of the change of biogenic amines levels with time in meat.

In this work, a syringe needle-based integrated method was designed for the detection of biogenic amines (BAs) in raw meat samples. Based on a sequential process, the needle-based sampling, micro liquid-phase extraction and peroxidase-like catalysis were adopted for the sample collection, target analytes extraction and colorimetric analysis, respectively. The proposed method exhibited high selectivity towards BAs (the total amount of histamine, putrescine and cadaverine was utilized to present the level of BAs), where the linear range is 5-50 μM and 50-1000 μM, and the limit of detection is 1.

Application of Chiral and Achiral Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Pesticide Analysis: A Review.

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), the most common mode of which employs pressurized carbon dioxide as the mobile phase, is enjoying resuscitation. It is once again reconsidered as a fast developing chromatographic technique for the separation and identification of compounds in mixtures. In recent years, significant improvements in instrumentation, and its proficiency in specialized applications, have rekindled interest in the technique.

Gold nanoprism/Tollens' reagent complex as plasmonic sensor in headspace single-drop microextraction for colorimetric detection of formaldehyde in food samples using smartphone readout.

In this work, an assay with high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of formaldehyde (FA) is presented. The assay applied a gold nanoprism/Tollens' reagent (Au-np/TR) complex as the sensor used in headspace single-drop microextraction (HS-SDME). A surface plasmon resonance signal enhancement as well as color change was caused by the formation of Au@Ag-np after a redox reaction between FA and TR during the HS-SDME process.

Magnetic Three-Phase Single-Drop Microextraction for Rapid Amplification of the Signals of DNA and MicroRNA Analysis.

The detection of nucleic acids usually suffers from a lengthy amplification process. To obtain an enhanced signal within several seconds, a magnetic three-phase single-drop microextraction (MTP-SDME) approach was developed for the quantification of nucleic acids. First, a target-triggered recycling amplification strategy was used to constitute magnetic branched DNA/FeO networks, which displayed peroxidase-like catalytic activity toward the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine colorimetric reaction.

Highly Sensitive Detection of Multiple MicroRNAs by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Long and Short Probe-Based Recycling Amplification.

This report demonstrated the utility of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detection for selective separation and sensitive quantification of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs). A duplex specific nuclease (DSN)-assisted target recycling amplification strategy was developed to enhance the signals of miRNAs, which alleviates the low sensitivity of conventional HPLC to nucleic acids. To separate the signals of different miRNAs, DNA probes with different lengths and base sequences were immobilized on magnetic beads.

Curative effect of artificial femoral head replacement and its effect on hip joint function and complications of senile patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture.

Curative effect of artificial femoral head replacement on hip joint function and complications of elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture were investigated. Eighty patients who were operated for femoral intertrochanteric fractures operation were randomly divided into observation group (n=40) and control group (n=40). The observation group was treated with artificial femoral head replacement, while the control group received internal proximal femur locking plate fixation.