Predictive equation derived from 6,497 doubly labelled water measurements enables the detection of erroneous self-reported energy intake.

Nutritional epidemiology aims to link dietary exposures to chronic disease, but the instruments for evaluating dietary intake are inaccurate. One way to identify unreliable data and the sources of errors is to compare estimated intakes with the total energy expenditure (TEE). In this study, we used the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water Database to derive a predictive equation for TEE using 6,497 measures of TEE in individuals aged 4 to 96 years.

Small Molecule MIF Modulation Enhances Ferroptosis by Impairing DNA Repair Mechanisms.

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that can be modulated by small molecules and has the potential for the development of therapeutics for oncology. Although excessive lipid peroxidation is the defining hallmark of ferroptosis, DNA damage may also play a significant role. In this study, a potential mechanistic role for MIF in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair is identified.

Greater male variability in daily energy expenditure develops through puberty.

There is considerably greater variation in metabolic rates between men than between women, in terms of basal, activity and total (daily) energy expenditure (EE). One possible explanation is that EE is associated with male sexual characteristics (which are known to vary more than other traits) such as musculature and athletic capacity. Such traits might be predicted to be most prominent during periods of adolescence and young adulthood, when sexual behaviour develops and peaks.

Total daily energy expenditure has declined over the past three decades due to declining basal expenditure, not reduced activity expenditure.

Obesity is caused by a prolonged positive energy balance. Whether reduced energy expenditure stemming from reduced activity levels contributes is debated. Here we show that in both sexes, total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure increased over time.

How Is Context Addressed in Growth Monitoring? A Comparison of the Tanzanian, Indian, and Dutch Manuals.

Background: To address malnutrition in all its forms, context should be taken into account in growth-monitoring (GM) practices.

Objectives: The aim was to compare GM manuals of countries with different nutrition problems, and to assess how these manuals are adapted to the different biological, socioeconomic, and cultural contexts.

Methods: GM manuals from Tanzania, India, and the Netherlands were compared with each other, and with the materials for the WHO training course on child growth assessment.

Community Participation and Multidimensional Child Growth: Evidence from the Vietnam Young Lives Study.

Background: Community participation has the potential to improve the effects of interventions and reduce inequalities in child growth. Multidimensional indicators capture such effects and inequalities.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to measure the association between multidimensional child growth and community participation in 2 nutrition-sensitive interventions.

Modulating CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing activity by small molecules.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated genome engineering has become a standard procedure for creating genetic and epigenetic changes of DNA molecules in basic biology, biotechnology, and medicine. However, its versatile applications have been hampered by its overall low precise gene modification efficiency and uncontrollable prolonged Cas9 activity. Therefore, overcoming these problems could broaden the therapeutic use of CRISPR/Cas9-based technologies.

HDAC/MIF dual inhibitor inhibits NSCLC cell survival and proliferation by blocking the AKT pathway.

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is one of the most common forms of lung cancer, and a leading cause of cancer death among human beings. There is an urgent demand for novel therapeutics for the treatment of NSCLC to enhance the efficacy of the currently applied Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy and to overcome therapy-resistance. Here, we report a novel small-molecule inhibitor that simultaneously targets histone deacetylase (HDAC) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF).

The future of human malnutrition: rebalancing agency for better nutritional health.

The major threat to human societies posed by undernutrition has been recognised for millennia. Despite substantial economic development and scientific innovation, however, progress in addressing this global challenge has been inadequate. Paradoxically, the last half-century also saw the rapid emergence of obesity, first in high-income countries but now also in low- and middle-income countries.

D-dopachrome tautomerase contributes to lung epithelial repair via atypical chemokine receptor 3-dependent Akt signaling.

Background: Emphysematous COPD is characterized by aberrant alveolar repair. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) contributes to alveolar repair, but for its structural and functional homolog D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) this is unknown. MIF mediates its effects through CD74 and/or C-X-C chemokine receptors 2 (CXCR2), 4(CXCR4), and possibly 7 (ACKR3).

Autologous stem cell therapy in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: Stem cell therapy is increasingly used for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). We aimed to review the evidence of autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy on pain, function and severity on imaging in KOA.

Design: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Apoptosis-Inducing TNF Superfamily Ligands for Cancer Therapy.

Cancer is a complex disease with apoptosis evasion as one of its hallmarks; therefore, apoptosis induction in transformed cells seems a promising approach as a cancer treatment. TNF apoptosis-inducing ligands, which are naturally present in the body and possess tumoricidal activity, are attractive candidates. The most studied proteins are TNF-α, FasL, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL).

Fulfilling food practices: Applying the capability approach to ethnographic research in the Northern Netherlands.

Often, food practices are evaluated in terms of their healthiness or lack thereof, but fulfilling food practices based on other values and influenced by family members' capabilities are overlooked. This study analyses food practices in families with low socio-economic status, and aims to explain how family households come to prioritise one food practice over another. We conducted an ethnographic study using the capability approach as an analytical framework.

Stressors and support system among parents of neonates hospitalised with systemic infections: qualitative study in South India.

Objective: To explore stressors and support system for families with a neonate admitted with a systemic infection.

Design: Qualitative study using in-depth interviews (IDIs), based on principles of grounded theory.

Setting: A busy level III neonatal unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in coastal Karnataka, India, between May 2018 and January 2019.

"": Maternal Capabilities for Healthy Child Growth in Rural Southeastern Tanzania.

The burden of childhood stunting in Tanzania is persistently high, even in high food-producing regions. This calls for a paradigm shift in Child Growth Monitoring (CGM) to a multi-dimensional approach that also includes the contextual information of an individual child and her/his caregivers. To contribute to the further development of CGM to reflect local contexts, we engaged the Capability Framework for Child Growth (CFCG) to identify maternal capabilities for ensuring healthy child growth.

Maternal and Child Survival in Haor Region in Bangladesh. An Analysis of Fathers' Capabilities to Save the Future.

Maternal and child survival is a major public health problem in haor areas in Bangladesh. Fathers feel responsible as expressed by their capability "to save the future". Using the Capability Framework for Child Growth, we aimed to identify what contextual factors underlie a father's real opportunities to secure a safe delivery, including social norms and beliefs.

Postpartum sex taboos and child growth in Tanzania: Implications for child care.

The social context and cultural meaning systems shape caregivers' perceptions about child growth and inform their attention to episodes of poor growth. Thus, understanding community members' beliefs about the aetiology of poor child growth is important for effective responses to child malnutrition. We present an analysis of caregivers' narratives on the risks surrounding child growth during postpartum period and highlight how the meanings attached to these risks shape child care practices.

Transcriptional activation of cyclin D1 via HER2/HER3 contributes to EGFR-TKI resistance in lung cancer.

Several different mechanisms are implicated in the resistance of lung cancer cells to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), and only few have been functionally investigated. Here, using genetically knocked out EGFR and TKI-resistant lung cancer cells, we show that loss of wild-type EGFR attenuates cell proliferation, migration and 3D-spheroid formation, whereas loss of mutant EGFR or resistance to TKIs reinforces those processes. Consistently, disruption of wild-type EGFR leads to suppression of HER2/HER3, while mutant EGFR ablation or resistance to TKIs increases HER2/HER3 expression, compensating for EGFR loss.

Variation in contraceptive prevalence rates in Tanzania: A multilevel analysis of individual and regional determinants.

Objective: The aim of this study was to answer two key questions: (1) what are the individual and regional determinants of contraceptive use; and (2) what are the effect(s) of individual and regional variables on regional differences in contraceptive use?

Data And Method: Multilevel logistic regression was applied on data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) 2010 that allowed us to investigate simultaneously the individual and the regional determinants of contraceptive use and its regional variation.

Results: There was significant variation in contraceptive use, both between population groups as well as between regions. A higher number of children ever born, urban residence, and a non-manual occupation are characteristics associated with higher odds of a woman using contraceptives.

Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy for Tendon Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Background: Stem cell therapy is an emerging treatment for tendon disorders.

Purpose: To systematically review the efficacy of stem cell therapy for patients with tendon disorders.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

CRISPR-mediated ablation of overexpressed EGFR in combination with sunitinib significantly suppresses renal cell carcinoma proliferation.

Receptor tyrosine kinases, such as VEGFR, PDGFR and EGFR, play important roles in renal cancer. In this study, we investigated EGFR knockout as a therapeutic approach in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We showed that a renal cell carcinoma cell line (RC21) has higher expression of EGFR as compared to other frequently used cell lines such as HEK293, A549, Hela and DLD1.

"We struggle with the earth everyday": parents' perspectives on the capabilities for healthy child growth in haor region of Bangladesh.

Background: Childhood stunting is an important public health problem in the haor region of Bangladesh. Haor areas are located in the north-eastern part of the country and are vulnerable to seasonal flooding. The key objective of this study is to identify the capabilities of the parents and their children that shape multidimensional child growth outcomes in the haor region in the first thousand days of life.

Inhibition of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 enhances CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.

Despite the rapid development of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing technology, the gene editing potential of CRISPR/Cas9 is hampered by low efficiency, especially for clinical applications. One of the major challenges is that chromatin compaction inevitably limits the Cas9 protein access to the target DNA. However, chromatin compaction is precisely regulated by histone acetylation and deacetylation.

Towards a Multi-Dimensional Index of Child Growth to Combat the Double Burden of Malnutrition.

There is growing awareness in the field of public health that combatting the double burden of malnutrition requires approaches that address its multi-dimensional origin, rather than focusing primarily on the biomedical domain. Current frameworks of malnutrition like the UNICEF conceptual framework, and the Lancet Series 2013 framework have been instrumental in understanding the determinants of malnutrition and developing appropriate interventions. However, these frameworks fail to explicitly address issues of agency, that is, about being able to pursue one's goal.