Association of vitamin D and its metabolites in patients with and without type 2 diabetes and their relationship to diabetes complications.

Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and is related to diabetes complications. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between diabetes complications and cardiovascular risk factors with vitamin D and its metabolites: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)D); and 25-hydroxy-3epi-vitamin D (3epi25(OH)D).

Methods: 750 Qatari subjects, 460 (61.