VvbHLH036, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor regulates the cold tolerance of grapevine.

Cold stress is an adverse environmental factor that limits the growth and productivity of horticulture crops such as grapes (Vitis vinifera). In this study, we identified a grapevine cold-induced basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (VvbHLH036). Overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout (KO) of VvbHLH036 enhanced and decreased cold tolerance in grapevine roots, respectively.

SMRT sequencing of a full-length transcriptome reveals cold induced alternative splicing in Vitis amurensis root.

Alternative splicing enhances diversity at the transcriptional and protein levels that widely involved in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. V. amurensis is an extremely cold-tolerant wild grape variety, however, studies on alternative splicing (AS) in amur grape at low temperatures are currently poorly understood.

The genome reveals its adaptive features in an arid habitat.

is a tetraploid species belonging to the Vitaceae family and is known for the Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) pathway in the succulent stem, while the leaves perform C photosynthesis. Here, we report a high-quality genome of comprising a total size of 679.2 Mb which was phased into two subgenomes.

Vitis Myb14 confer cold and drought tolerance by activating lipid transfer protein genes expression and reactive oxygen species scavenge.

The R2R3 Myb transcription factor exhibits a wide range of functions and participates in various biological processes in plant development, secondary metabolism, and abiotic stress tolerance, among others. Vitis Myb14 initially identified for its involvement in resveratrol synthesis in grapevines. In this study, we investigate its role in abiotic stress tolerance.

Dissecting the effect of ethylene in the transcriptional regulation of chilling treatment in grapevine leaves.

Ethylene (ETH) plays important roles in various development programs and stress responses in plants. In grapevines, ETH increased dramatically under chilling stress and is known to positively regulate cold tolerance. However, the role of ETH in transcriptional regulation during chilling stress of grapevine leaves is still not clear.

A genome for illustrates features underlying its evolutionary success in dry savannas.

is the largest genus in Vitaceae and is mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a photosynthetic adaptation to the occurrence of succulent leaves or stems, indicates that convergent evolution occurred in response to drought stress during species radiation. Here we provide the chromosomal level assembly of (an endemic species in Eastern Africa) and a genome-wide comparison with grape to understand genome divergence within an ancient eudicot family.

Important Roles of Key Genes and Transcription Factors in Flower Color Differences of .

is an ornamental horticultural plant with a variety of flower colors and a long flowering period. The genes in four different colored (white, purple, red, and lemon green) were analyzed to explain the differences in flower color using transcriptomes. A total of 32 differential expression genes in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway and 41 in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were identified.

Characterization of Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Expression upon Cold Stress Reveals that the RAV1 Transcription Factor Functions in Cold Response in Vitis Amurensis.

Cold tolerance is regulated by a variety of transcription factors (TFs) and their target genes. Except for the well-characterized C-repeat binding factors (CBFs)-dependent transcriptional cascade, the mechanisms of cold tolerance mediated by other transcriptional regulatory networks are still largely unknown. Here, we used the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA-seq to identify cold responsive TFs in Vitis amurensis, a grape species with high cold hardiness.

The Welwitschia genome reveals a unique biology underpinning extreme longevity in deserts.

The gymnosperm Welwitschia mirabilis belongs to the ancient, enigmatic gnetophyte lineage. It is a unique desert plant with extreme longevity and two ever-elongating leaves. We present a chromosome-level assembly of its genome (6.

Modeling impacts of climate change on the potential distribution of six endemic baobab species in Madagascar.

Madagascar, a globally renowned biodiversity hotspot characterized by high rates of endemism, is one of the few remaining refugia for many plants and animal species. However, global climate change has greatly affected the natural ecosystem and endemic species living in Madagascar, and will likely continue to influence species distribution in the future. Madagascar is home to six endemic baobab ( spp.

GRAS-domain transcription factor PAT1 regulates jasmonic acid biosynthesis in grape cold stress response.

Cultivated grapevine (Vitis) is a highly valued horticultural crop, and cold stress affects its growth and productivity. Wild Amur grape (Vitis amurensis) PAT1 (Phytochrome A signal transduction 1, VaPAT1) is induced by low temperature, and ectopic expression of VaPAT1 enhances cold tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of VaPAT1 during the cold stress response in grapevine.

The genome of Shanputao (Vitis amurensis) provides a new insight into cold tolerance of grapevine.

Vitis amurensis (Shanputao) is the most cold tolerant Vitis species and so is of great interest to grape breeders and producers in areas with low winter temperatures. Here, we report its high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly based on a combination of sequence data from Illumina and PacBio platforms, BioNano optical mapping and high-throughput chromosome conformation Capture (Hi-C) mapping. The 604.

The ethylene responsive factor CdERF1 from bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) positively regulates cold tolerance.

Cold stress is one of the major environmental factors that limit growth and utilization of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers], a prominent warm-season turfgrass. However, the molecular mechanism of cold response in bermudagrass remains largely unknown.

The transcription factor VaNAC17 from grapevine (Vitis amurensis) enhances drought tolerance by modulating jasmonic acid biosynthesis in transgenic Arabidopsis.

Expression of VaNAC17 improved drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis by upregulating stress-responsive genes, modulating JA biosynthesis, and enhancing ROS scavenging. Water deficit severely affects the growth and development of plants such as grapevine (Vitis spp.).

Genome size, chromosome number determination, and analysis of the repetitive elements in .

(Vitaceae) is a perennial climber endemic to Africa and is characterized by succulent angular stems. The plant grows in arid and semi-arid regions of Africa especially in the African savanna. The stem of has a wide range of applications in both human and animal medicine, but there is limited cytogenetic information available for this species.

The ethylene response factor VaERF092 from Amur grape regulates the transcription factor VaWRKY33, improving cold tolerance.

Cold stress is a major limiting factor in grape (Vitis) productivity. In this study, we characterized a cold-responsive ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factor, VaERF092, from Amur grape (Vitis amurensis). VaERF092 expression was induced by both low temperatures and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), but was suppressed by treatment with the ethylene inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) under cold conditions.

The species richness pattern of vascular plants along a tropical elevational gradient and the test of elevational Rapoport's rule depend on different life-forms and phytogeographic affinities.

The research about species richness pattern and elevational Rapoport's rule (ERR) have been carried out mostly in the temperate regions in the recent years and scarcely in the tropical mountains; meanwhile, it is unclear whether the ERR is consistent among different life-forms and phytogeographic affinities. Here, we compiled a database of plant species of Mount Kenya, a tropical mountain of East Africa, and divided these species into twelve groups depending on the life-form and phytogeographic affinity of each species. We inspected the species richness pattern of each group along the elevation gradient and also tested ERR of each group using Stevens' method.

Overexpression of VaWRKY12, a transcription factor from Vitis amurensis with increased nuclear localization under low temperature, enhances cold tolerance of plants.

Overexpression of VaWRKY12, whose nuclear translocation increased under low temperature, enhanced the cold tolerance of Arabidopsis and grapevine calli and significantly increased the expression of antioxidant-related genes. Low temperature causes injuries to buds during winter and to young shoots during early spring, thereby affecting grapevine quality and yield. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of cold stress responses is essential for the breeding of new grapevine cultivars with excellent cold tolerance.

Comparative metabolic profiling of and during cold acclimation.

is a wild plant that can withstand extreme cold temperatures. However, the accumulation of metabolites during cold acclimation (CA) in . remains largely unknown.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of the 14-3-3 family in Vitis vinifera L. during berry development and cold- and heat-stress response.

Background: The 14-3-3 family of ubiquitous proteins in eukaryotes plays important roles in the regulation of various plant biological processes. However, less information is known about this family in grape fruit.

Results: To investigate the characteristics and functions of 14-3-3 in grape, a total of 11 14-3-3 proteins were identified.

Overexpression of VaWRKY14 increases drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by modulating the expression of stress-related genes.

Overexpression of VaWRKY14 increases drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by modulating the expression of stress-related genes, including COR15A, COR15B, COR413, KIN2, and RD29A. The WRKY family is one of a largest transcription factors in plants, and it is a key component of multiple stress responses. In this study, the drought- and cold-induced WRKY family gene VaWRKY14 was isolated and characterized.

The GARP/MYB-related grape transcription factor AQUILO improves cold tolerance and promotes the accumulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides.

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a widely cultivated fruit crop whose growth and productivity are greatly affected by low temperatures. On the other hand, wild Vitis species represent valuable genetic resources of natural stress tolerance.

A genome for gnetophytes and early evolution of seed plants.

Gnetophytes are an enigmatic gymnosperm lineage comprising three genera, Gnetum, Welwitschia and Ephedra, which are morphologically distinct from all other seed plants. Their distinctiveness has triggered much debate as to their origin, evolution and phylogenetic placement among seed plants. To increase our understanding of the evolution of gnetophytes, and their relation to other seed plants, we report here a high-quality draft genome sequence for Gnetum montanum, the first for any gnetophyte.