Mechanistical Study on Substrate-Controlled Highly Selective [2+2] and [2+3] Cycloaddition Reactions.

Polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons have acquired increased interests recently because of their potential applications in electronic devices. On metal surfaces, the selective synthesis of four- and five-membered carbon rings remains challenging due to the presence of diverse reaction pathways. Here, utilizing the same precursor molecule, we successfully achieved substrate-controlled highly selective cycloaddition reactions towards four- and five-membered carbon rings.

Accelerating the reaction kinetics of NiO/Ni(OH)/NF by defect engineering for urea-assisted water splitting.

Developing electrocatalysts with fast reaction kinetics for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) in the field of sustainable hydrogen production through urea-assisted water splitting remains challenging. Here, NiO/Ni(OH) supported on nickel foam (NiO/Ni(OH)/NF) is prepared a defect engineering strategy by combining Zn doping and acid etching. The doped Zn species are partially removed, facilitating the formation of NiOOH during acid etching.

Infection mechanism of Botryosphaeria dothidea and the disease resistance strategies of Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis).

Botryosphaeria dothidea is the main fungal pathogen responsible for causing Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) dry rot disease, posing a serious threat to the Chinese hickory industry. Understanding the molecular basis of B. dothidea infection and the host's resistance mechanisms is crucial for controlling and managing the ecological impact of Chinese hickory dry rot disease.

Constructing Co(SO) Clusters within Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysis.

Multinuclear metal clusters are ideal candidates to catalyze small molecule activation reactions involving the transfer of multiple electrons. However, synthesizing active metal clusters is a big challenge. Herein, on constructing an unparalleled Co(SO) cluster within porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and the electrocatalytic features of such Co(SO) clusters for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is reported.

The potential of Burkholderia gladioli KRS027 in plant growth promotion and biocontrol against Verticillium dahliae revealed by dual transcriptome of pathogen and host.

Verticillium dahliae is a destructive, soil-borne pathogen that causes significant losses on numerous important dicots. Recently, beneficial microbes inhabiting the rhizosphere have been exploited and used to control plant diseases. In the present study, Burkholderia gladioli KRS027 demonstrated excellent inhibitory effects against Verticillium wilt in cotton seedlings.

Exposure of pregnant women to neonicotinoids in Wenzhou City, East China: A biomonitoring study.

Background: China produces and consumes a large amount of neonicotinoids. A non-negligible exposure to neonicotinoids might occur for Chinese pregnant women, but relevant data remain limited.

Objective: To investigate the exposure to neonicotinoids by urinary biomonitoring in pregnant women from Wenzhou City, East China.

Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer Based on Bisulfite-free Site-specific Methylation Identification PCR Strategy: High-Sensitivity, Accuracy, and Primary Medical Accessibility.

Due to its decade-long progression, colorectal cancer (CRC) is most suitable for population screening to achieve a significant reduction in its incidence and mortality. DNA methylation has emerged as a potential marker for the early detection of CRC. However, the current mainstream methylation detection method represented by bisulfite conversion has issues such as tedious operation, DNA damage, and unsatisfactory sensitivity.

Vacancy Ordering in Ultrathin Copper Oxide Films on Cu(111).

Oxide thin films grown on metal surfaces have wide applications in catalysis and beyond owing to their unique surface structures compared to their bulk counterparts. Despite extensive studies, the atomic structures of copper surface oxides on Cu(111), commonly referred to as "44" and "29", have remained elusive. In this work, we demonstrated an approach for the structural determination of oxide surfaces using element-specific scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging enhanced by functionalized tips.

Universal inter-molecular radical transfer reactions on metal surfaces.

On-surface synthesis provides tools to prepare low-dimensional supramolecular structures. Traditionally, reactive radicals are a class of single-electron species, serving as exceptional electron-withdrawing groups. On metal surfaces, however, such species are affected by conduction band screening effects that may even quench their unpaired electron characteristics.

Targeting AQP9 enhanced the anti-TNF therapy response in Crohn's disease by inhibiting LPA-hippo pathway.

Although anti-TNF antibodies are extensively used to treat Crohn's disease (CD), a significant proportion of patients, up to 40%, exhibit an inadequate response to this therapy. Our objective was to identify potential targets that could improve the effectiveness of anti-TNF therapy in CD. Through the integration and analysis of transcriptomic data from various CD databases, we found that the expression of AQP9 was significantly increased in anti-TNF therapy-resistant specimens.

Enantioselective and Band-Gap Modulation in Photocatalysis of Metal-Free Chiral Carbon Dots.

Photodriven chiral catalysis is the combination of photocatalysis and chiral catalysis and is considered one of the cleanest and most efficient methods for the synthesis of chiral compounds or drugs. Furthermore, due to the potential metal contamination associated with most metal-based catalysts, metal-free chiral photocatalysts are ideal candidates. In this work, we demonstrate that metal-free chiral carbon dots (CDs) exhibit size-dependent enantioselective photocatalytic activity.

GDF15 induces chemoresistance to oxaliplatin by forming a reciprocal feedback loop with Nrf2 to maintain redox homeostasis in colorectal cancer.

Purpose: Growth differentiating Factor 15 (GDF15) is linked to several cancers, but its effect on chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of GDF15 in the chemotherapeutic response of CRC patients to oxaliplatin (L-OHP).

Methods: GDF15 levels in serum and tumour tissues were detected in CRC patients have received L-OHP-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Anchoring Fe Species on the Highly Curved Surface of S and N Co-Doped Carbonaceous Nanosprings for Oxygen Electrocatalysis and a Flexible Zinc-Air Battery.

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of critical significance in the advancement of fuel cells and zinc-air batteries. The iron-nitrogen (Fe-N ) sites exhibited exceptional reactivity towards ORR. However, the task of designing and controlling the local structure of Fe species for high ORR activity and stability remains a challenge.

Synthesis of Large-Scale High-Quality Metal-Organic Frameworks on Cu(100) via Hierarchical Dehydrogenation Reactions.

Thermal stimulus has been considered as a promising strategy for controlling on-surface reactions, allowing the formation of diverse products on metal substrates. Here, we successfully achieve hierarchical dehydrogenation reactions of amino groups on a Cu(100) surface. By carefully adjusting the experimental parameters, we synthesize large-scale and low-defect density surface metal-organic frameworks on copper surfaces.

Sulfur-Stabilizing Ultrafine High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles on MXene for Highly Efficient Ethanol Electrooxidation.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are significantly promising candidates for heterogeneous catalysis, yet the controllable synthesis of ultrafine HEA nanoparticles (NPs) remains a formidable challenge due to severe thermal sintering during the high-temperature fabrication process. Herein, we report a sulfur-stabilizing strategy to construct ultrafine HEA NPs with an average diameter of 4.02 nm supported on sulfur-modified TiCT (S-TiCT) MXene, on which the strong interfacial metal-sulfur interactions between HEA NPs and the S-TiCT supports significantly increase the interfacial adhesion strength, thus greatly suppressing nanoparticle sintering by retarding both particle migration and metal atom diffusion.

Constructing Two-Dimensional Distorted Kagome Lattices on Ag(111).

Two-dimensional (2D) tessellation of organic species acquired increased interest recently because of their potential applications in physics, biology, and chemistry. Herein, we successfully synthesized the chiral distorted Kagome lattice 3 (333) with bicomponent precursors on Ag(111). Scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional calculation studies reveal that the networks are formed by multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

Structurally-Distorted RuIr-Based Nanoframes for Long-Duration Oxygen Evolution Catalysis.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a key role in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), yet the electrocatalysts still suffer from the disadvantages of low activity and poor stability in acidic conditions. Here, a new class of CdRu IrO nanoframes with distorted structure for acidic OER is successfully fabricated. Impressively, CdRu IrO displays an ultralow overpotential of 189 mV and an ultralong stability of 1500 h at 10 mA cm⁻ toward OER in 0.

High Valence State Sites as Favorable Reductive Centers for High-Current-Density Water Splitting.

Electrochemical water splitting is a promising approach for producing sustainable and clean hydrogen. Typically, high valence state sites are favorable for oxidation evolution reaction (OER), while low valence states can facilitate hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, here we proposed a high valence state of Co in Ni Co -S-FeO hybrid as the favorable center for efficient and stable HER, while structural analogues with low chemical states showed much worse performance.

Creating and Stabilizing an Oxidized Pd Surface under Reductive Conditions for Photocatalytic Hydrogenation of Aromatic Carbonyls.

Photocatalysis provides an eco-friendly route for the hydrogenation of aromatic carbonyls to O-free aromatics, which is an important refining process in the chemical industry that is generally carried out under high pressure of hydrogen at elevated temperatures. However, aromatic carbonyls are often only partially hydrogenated to alcohols, which readily desorbs and are hardly further deoxygenated under ambient conditions. Here, we show that by constructing an oxide surface over the Pd cocatalyst supported on graphitic carbon nitride, an alternative hydrogenation path of aromatic carbonyls becomes available via a step-wise acetalization and hydrogenation, thus allowing efficient and selective production of O-free aromatics.

The impact of age on outcomes of breast cancer in different hormone receptor and HER2 groups.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to explore the association between age and outcomes in breast cancer.

Methods: Patients during 2010-2015 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific death (BCSD) were taken as endpoints.

Adequate Number of Lymph Nodes Sampled May Determine Appropriate Surgical Modality for Early-Stage NSCLC: A Population-Based Real-World Study.

Background: The standard surgical procedure for ≤ 2 cm non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including the number of lymph nodes sampled (nLN) and surgical modality, remains controversial. This study was designed to determine the optimal cohort in which sublobectomy could be an alternative to lobectomy.

Materials (or Patients) And Methods: Patients from 1998 to 2017 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.