Effect of footwear on minimum foot clearance, heel slippage and spatiotemporal measures of gait in older women.

Footwear has been implicated as a factor in falls, which is a major issue affecting the health of older adults. This study investigated the effect of footwear with dorsal fixation, slippers and bare feet on minimum foot clearance, heel slippage and spatiotemporal variables of gait in community dwelling older women. Thirty women participated (mean age (SD) 69.

Same-level peer-assisted learning in medical clinical placements: a narrative systematic review.

Background: Peer-assisted learning (PAL) is increasingly used in medical education, and the benefits of this approach have been reported. Previous reviews have focused on the benefits of peer tutoring of junior students by senior students. Forms of PAL such as discussion groups and role-playing have been neglected, as have alternative teacher-learner configurations (e.

Implementation of protected mealtimes in the subacute setting: stepped wedge cluster trial protocol.

Aim: This protocol paper describes a study that aims to determine if protected mealtimes implementation closes the energy deficit of 1900 kJ between estimated requirements and actual energy intake of hospitalized adults in the subacute setting.

Background: Protected mealtimes, a strategy developed to address the prevalence of malnourished hospitalized adults, aims to minimize unavoidable and unnecessary interruptions at mealtimes. It has been implemented widely with limited high-quality studies as to its effect.

Effectiveness of footwear and foot orthoses for calcaneal apophysitis: a 12-month factorial randomised trial.

Objective: Calcaneal apophysitis, is a relatively common cause of heel pain in children. Very few randomised studies have evaluated treatment options. This trial compared the effectiveness of currently employed treatment options for the relief of pain and disability associated with calcaneal apophysitis.

Does action follow intention with participation in home and group-based falls prevention exercise programs? An exploratory, prospective, observational study.

Background: Exercise for falls prevention is effective but of limited uptake in real life. The link between intention and behavior is central to many health-behavior models, but has not been examined in the falls prevention exercise context.

Objective: This study examines this relationship and prospectively identifies factors associated with participation in group and home-based falls prevention exercise.

6-PACK programme to decrease fall injuries in acute hospitals: cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the 6-PACK programme on falls and fall injuries in acute wards.

Design: Cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Six Australian hospitals.

A Comparison of the Birth Characteristics of Idiopathic Toe Walking and Toe Walking Gait Due to Medical Reasons.

Objective: To determine and compare the birth history or postnatal complications of idiopathic toe walking (ITW) and toe walking known to be associated with a medical condition.

Study Design: This was a retrospective chart review of parent-reported birth histories of children who presented to a dedicated toe-walking clinic between 2010 and 2014. This cohort comprised children diagnosed with ITW and children with a medical reason for their toe-walking gait.

Development, implementation and evaluation of a clinical research engagement and leadership capacity building program in a large Australian health care service.

Background: Health professionals need to be integrated more effectively in clinical research to ensure that research addresses clinical needs and provides practical solutions at the coal face of care. In light of limited evidence on how best to achieve this, evaluation of strategies to introduce, adapt and sustain evidence-based practices across different populations and settings is required. This project aims to address this gap through the co-design, development, implementation, evaluation, refinement and ultimately scale-up of a clinical research engagement and leadership capacity building program in a clinical setting with little to no co-ordinated approach to clinical research engagement and education.

Effects of an intradialytic resistance training programme on physical function: a prospective stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial.

Background: Intradialytic exercise programmes are important because of the deterioration in physical function that occurs in people receiving haemodialysis. Unfortunately, exercise programmes are rarely sustained in haemodialysis clinics. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a sustainable resistance exercise programme on the physical function of people receiving haemodialysis.

Developing networks between residential aged care facilities as a result of engagement in a falls prevention project: an action research study.

Background: Residential aged care facility (RACF) staff often operate in isolation. Research is lacking on networking between facilities.

Aims: To explore outcomes associated with network formation between two RACFs as part of an action research approach to reducing falls.

The role of peer-assisted learning in building evaluative judgement: opportunities in clinical medical education.

This study explored the contribution of peer-assisted learning (PAL) in the development of evaluative judgement capacity; the ability to understand work quality and apply those standards to appraising performance. The study employed a mixed methods approach, collecting self-reported survey data, observations of, and reflective interviews with, the medical students observed. Participants were in their first year of clinical placements.

Educators' perspectives about how older hospital patients can engage in a falls prevention education programme: a qualitative process evaluation.

Objectives: Falls are the most frequent adverse event reported in hospitals. Patient and staff education delivered by trained educators significantly reduced falls and injurious falls in an older rehabilitation population. The purpose of the study was to explore the educators' perspectives of delivering the education and to conceptualise how the programme worked to prevent falls among older patients who received the education.

Associations of calf inter- and intra-muscular adipose tissue with cardiometabolic health and physical function in community-dwelling older adults.

Objectives: To determine associations of inter- and intra-muscular adipose tissue (IMAT) with cardiometabolic health and physical function in older adults.

Methods: 48 community-dwelling older adults aged ⋝65 years (mean 71.6±4.

Validity and reliability of the 20-m run, horizontal leap, and four-bound tests measuring high-level mobility in neurologically impaired patients.

Background: High-level mobility (HLM) training including running forms an integral part of physical rehabilitation for neurologically impaired patients.

Objective: This study examines the validity and reliability of three quickly administrable measures of HLM, namely, the 20-m run, horizontal leap, and four-bound tests in patients with neurological disorders.

Methods: This is a retrospective data audit of 62 patients (23 women, 37.

Older Adult Perceptions of Participation in Group- and Home-Based Falls Prevention Exercise.

This paper describes why older adults begin, continue, and discontinue group- and home-based falls prevention exercise and benefits and barriers to participation. Telephone surveys were used to collect data for 394 respondents. Most respondents reported not participating in group- (66%) or home-based (78%) falls prevention exercise recently.

The extra resource burden of in-hospital falls: a cost of falls study.

Objective: To quantify the additional hospital length of stay (LOS) and costs associated with in-hospital falls and fall injuries in acute hospitals in Australia.

Design, Setting And Participants: A multisite prospective cohort study conducted during 2011-2013 in the control wards of a falls prevention trial (6-PACK). The trial included all admissions to 12 acute medical and surgical wards of six Australian hospitals.

Point prevalence of suboptimal footwear features among ambulant older hospital patients: implications for fall prevention.

Objective The aim of the present study was to establish the point prevalence of 'suboptimal' features in footwear reported to have been used by older hospital patients when ambulating, and to explore underpinning factors for their choice of footwear. Method A cross-sectional investigation was undertaken on 95 of 149 eligible in-patients across 22 high fall-risk wards in a large metropolitan hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Results Over 70% of participants experienced an unplanned admission.

Self-Awareness of Falls Risk Among Elderly Patients: Characterizing Awareness Deficits and Exploring Associated Factors.

Objective: To characterize self-awareness in older adults undergoing inpatient rehabilitation and explore factors associated with reduced awareness of falls risk.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional design.

Setting: Older adult inpatient rehabilitation setting.

"Are Your Clients Having Fun?" The Implications of Respondents' Preferences for the Delivery of Group Exercise Programs for Falls Prevention.

Background: Group exercise has been shown to be effective in preventing falls; however, adherence to these interventions is often poor. Older adults' preferences for how these programs can be delivered are unknown.

Objective: To identify older people's preferences for how group exercise programs for falls prevention can be delivered.

Clinical Markers of the Intensity of Balance Challenge: Observational Study of Older Adult Responses to Balance Tasks.

Background: Effective balance rehabilitation is critically important to the aging population. Optimal exercise prescription for balance rehabilitation has not been described, as there is no measure of balance exercise intensity. To rate the intensity of balance exercise, an item set is required.

Personal Life Approach: An Interactive Way of Understanding Older Adults' Participation in Activities Following Hospitalization.

Purpose: To explore factors that support or inhibit participation in daily activities amongst older adults who have returned home following hospitalization.

Design And Methods: An exploratory qualitative design was used to gather information from a sample of older adults. Participants were recruited during their hospital stay from acute and rehabilitation wards in Victoria, Australia.

The effect of changing movement and posture using motion-sensor biofeedback, versus guidelines-based care, on the clinical outcomes of people with sub-acute or chronic low back pain-a multicentre, cluster-randomised, placebo-controlled, pilot trial.

Background: The aims of this pilot trial were to (i) test the hypothesis that modifying patterns of painful lumbo-pelvic movement using motion-sensor biofeedback in people with low back pain would lead to reduced pain and activity limitation compared with guidelines-based care, and (ii) facilitate sample size calculations for a fully powered trial.

Methods: A multicentre (8 clinics), cluster-randomised, placebo-controlled pilot trial compared two groups of patients seeking medical or physiotherapy primary care for sub-acute and chronic back pain. It was powered for longitudinal analysis, but not for adjusted single-time point comparisons.

Factors Associated with Pain Severity in Children with Calcaneal Apophysitis (Sever Disease).

Objective: To identify any association between the pain experienced as a result of calcaneal apophysitis, anthropometric data, and lower limb measurements.

Study Design: This study was a cross-sectional study, nested within a wider randomized, comparative efficacy trial. One hundred twenty-four children between the ages of 8 and 14 years with a clinical diagnosis of calcaneal apophysitis were recruited for this study.

WITHDRAWN: Botulinum toxin for subacute/chronic neck pain.

Withdrawn due to non‐compliance with The Cochrane Collaboration’s Commercial Sponsorship Policy The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication.