Cabotegravir Maintains Protective Efficacy in the Setting of Bacterial STIs: A Secondary Analysis of HPTN 083.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been shown to facilitate HIV transmission and acquisition. HPTN 083, a global clinical trial, demonstrated superiority of long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA) versus daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for HIV prevention among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men. This analysis assessed whether CAB-LA maintained protective efficacy when bacterial STIs (syphilis, rectal/urethral gonorrhea and chlamydia) were present.

The importance of electrode-tissue proximity in creating pulsed field ablation lesions: insights from a sub-acute preclinical model.

Background: We sought to evaluate the anatomic and functional lesion development over time at different atrial sites immediately following delivery of pulsed field ablation (PFA).

Methods: Using a porcine model, PFA ablations were performed in the superior vena cava (SVC), right atrial lateral wall (RA), left atrial appendage (LAA), and right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) using four different PFA profiles. Mapping was done sequentially in 5-20-min increments up to 280-min post lesion delivery for low voltage area (LVA) assessment and conduction velocity.

Pharmacologic Drug Detection and Self-Reported Adherence in the HPTN069/ACTG5305 Phase II PrEP Trial.

Adherence drives efficacy in PrEP clinical trials. We compared drug concentrations and self-reported adherence in HPTN069/ACTG5305, a double-blinded, randomized trial of the safety and tolerability of candidate PrEP regimens that included maraviroc (MVC), tenofovir (TDF), and emtricitabine (FTC). Plasma drug concentrations and self-reported adherence by computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) were assessed at study weeks 24 and 48.

Prevalence, timing, and impact of early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias after pulsed field ablation: A secondary analysis of the PULSED AF trial.

Background: Early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ERAT) within 3 months of thermal ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is common and often considered transient. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a nonthermal energy source in which ERAT is not well described.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze ERAT in patients with AF undergoing PFA in the Pulsed Field Ablation to Irreversibly Electroporate Tissue and Treat AF (PULSED AF) trial.

Virginia Apgar (1909-1974): The Mother of Neonatal Resuscitation.

Dr. Virginia Apgar was an American anesthesiologist and researcher who heavily influenced the development of neonatal resuscitation in the immediate postpartum period with her simple five-point scoring system. Today, the APGAR scoring system is used around the world in delivery rooms to guide clinicians in the evaluation of newborns and to distinguish which might need urgent resuscitation.

Evolving Strategies for Use of Phytochemicals in Prevention and Long-Term Management of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD).

This report describes major pathomechanisms of disease in which the dysregulation of host inflammatory processes is a major factor, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a primary model, and reviews strategies for countermeasures based on synergistic interaction between various agents, including drugs and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) natural medical material (NMM), such as , spice phytochemicals, and fruit seed flavonoids. The 15 well-defined CVD classes are explored with particular emphasis on the extent to which oxidative stressors and associated ischemia-reperfusion tissue injury contribute to major symptoms. The four major categories of pharmaceutical agents used for the prevention of and therapy for CVD: statins, beta blockers (β-blockers), blood thinners (anticoagulants), and aspirin, are presented along with their adverse effects.

FIELD TECHNIQUES FOR VASECTOMY IN BLACK HOWLER MONKEYS ().

Three adult black howler monkeys () were vasectomized for the purpose of population control. Two different surgical approaches (inguinal and pelvic) were used to vasectomize the animals under general anesthesia. One monkey was vasectomized with a pelvic approach, and the other two monkeys were vasectomized with an inguinal approach.

Urgent Cesarean Section in a Patient on Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

A G7P6 40-year-old female at 20 weeks gestation, with a history of polysubstance use disorder and hepatitis C, presented to the emergency department with severe shortness of breath and hypoxia requiring intubation. After a thorough workup, she was diagnosed with aspiration pneumonitis and was treated with a course of antibiotics. After progressing well, she was soon extubated and transferred to a subacute rehabilitation facility (SAR).

Anaesthetic management of a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension, moderate tricuspid regurgitation and moderate right ventricular dysfunction presenting for a dilation and curettage.

A primigravida woman in her 30s with severe pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid regurgitation and depressed right ventricular function presented for therapeutic termination of pregnancy at 7 weeks gestation after referral and multidisciplinary recommendation. A slowly titrated lumbar epidural was chosen for the primary anaesthetic. Under standard American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) monitoring, invasive blood pressure monitoring and continuous transthoracic echocardiography, the patient's right ventricular systolic function was monitored throughout the case using qualitative and quantitative metrics and was notable for a right ventricular systolic pressure of 102.

Total and pathogen-specific serum Immunoglobulin G concentrations in neonatal beef calves, Part 1: Risk factors.

Maternal antibodies, delivered to the calf via colostrum, are crucial to prevent calfhood diseases and death. However, knowledge regarding the factors influencing this transfer of total and specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) against common enteric and respiratory disease pathogens under current production conditions is sparse. The objectives of this study were to determine risk factors influencing total and pathogen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations against Escherichia coli (E.

Total and pathogen-specific serum Immunoglobulin G concentrations in neonatal beef calves, Part 2: Associations with health and growth.

The association of poor transfer of passive immunity (TPI) with negative health outcomes is extensively researched in dairy calves. However, few field studies have examined the effect of total and particularly pathogen-specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations on pre-weaning health and growth of beef calves. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the association of total and pathogen-specific IgG concentrations against selected pathogens associated with neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and the odds of pre-weaning treatments, mortality, and the growth of newborn beef calves.

Mortality Outcomes in Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Before and After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) carries a risk of high-grade AV block requiring cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation, which has been associated with a higher mortality rate. However, the outcomes of TAVR in patients with preexisting CIEDs are not well understood. We conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who underwent TAVR from December 2014 to December 2019 at our institution.

Recovering the status quo: tipping points and earthquake aftermaths in colonial India.

Scholars of disaster politics debate how far natural hazards cause or catalyse political change. This paper builds on recent scholarship on tipping points and social contracts to argue that two case studies of historical earthquakes in 1930s British-colonised India invite a focus on the dynamics of cooperation and conflict between state and non-state actors. Officials of the colonial state and its nationalist rivals cooperated after one earthquake even though they otherwise bitterly opposed each other.

World-Class Innovation, but at What Cost? A Brief Examination of the American Healthcare System.

The American healthcare system, often counted among the world's best, offers expedient access to a highly subspecialized network of physicians who work at the forefront of developing and utilizing novel, cutting-edge procedures, and medications. Patients typically have access to large numbers of qualified physicians in every metropolitan area and thus are afforded the luxury of individual choice in hospital, physician, and experience. Unfortunately, the costs of maintaining such a system are quite profound, and the higher investments do not pay dividends in health outcomes.

Double Lumen Endobronchial Tube Placement for Lung Separation via a Tracheostomy Stoma in a Patient Status-Post Laryngectomy.

A 63-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx status-post laryngectomy and tracheostomy presented for a robotic-assisted right upper lobectomy for neoplasm excision. On physical examination, he was noted to have moderate hypoxia with an SpOof 93% on room air. In order to facilitate potential apneic oxygen insufflation and continuous positive airway pressure in the operative lung, a traditional left-sided 35-French double-lumen endobronchial tube was placed through his tracheostomy, and utilized to facilitate lung separation and to improve surgical manipulation.