Impact of continuous glucose monitoring on everyday life of young children with type 1 diabetes and their parents: An evaluation of 114 families.

Introduction: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is increasing worldwide. The advent of new monitoring devices has enabled tighter glycemic control.

Aim: To study the impact of glucose monitoring devices on the everyday life of young children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their parents.

Sarcoidosis presenting as cardiac tamponade: a case report.

A 62-year-old man without medical history presented with a cardiac tamponade due to a voluminous sterile hemorrhagic exudate. Hypermetabolic mediastinal lymph nodes were found on a PET-CT and pathological analysis revealed non-necrotizing granulomatous adenitis, a finding compatible with sarcoidosis. Steroids were started with rapid clinical improvement and complete resolution of the pericardial effusion.

Single 3-min freeze per vein ablation strategy with the second-generation cryoballoon for atrial fibrillation in a large cohort of patients: long term outcome after a single procedure.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to assess the long-term success rate of a single 3-min freeze per vein ablation strategy in the setting of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by means of second-generation cryoballoon (CB-A; Arctic Front Advance, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) in a large cohort of patients.

Methods: Three hundred and one patients with drug resistant atrial fibrillation (AF) having undergone PVI by means of CB-A using a single 3-min freeze per vein ablation strategy were included in the analysis.

Results: Paroxysmal AF (PAF) was documented in 70.

[[How to perform a gynecological examination in the girl]?].

How to perform a gynecological examination in the girl ? Precautionary gynecological examination is very important in the pre-pubescent girl, since it allows the diagnosis of most pathologies. Parents should be present in order to establish a climate of trust. The most suitable position is that of "the frog".

Infantile Hemangioma of the Posterior Fossa in a Newborn: Early Management and Long-Term Follow-up.

A 21-day-old male infant was admitted with signs of intracranial hypertension. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a voluminous mass in the posterior fossa with an intense peripheral enhancement on T1 images with gadolinium. The child was treated secondarily by surgical decompression of the posterior fossa and the lesion was biopsied.

Muscle and Bone Impairment in Children With Marfan Syndrome: Correlation With Age and FBN1 Genotype.

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a rare connective tissue disorder caused by mutation in the gene encoding the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin-1 (FBN1), leading to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling dysregulation. Although decreased axial and peripheral bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in adults with MFS, data about the evolution of bone mass during childhood and adolescence are limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone and muscle characteristics in children, adolescents, and young adults with MFS.

Antimicrobial defense and persistent infection in insects.

During 400 million years of existence, insects have rarely succumbed to the evolution of microbial resistance against their potent antimicrobial immune defenses. We found that microbial clearance after infection is extremely fast and that induced antimicrobial activity starts to increase only when most of the bacteria (99.5%) have been removed.

Temporal patterns in immune responses to a range of microbial insults (Tenebrio molitor).

Much work has elucidated the pathways and mechanisms involved in the production of insect immune effector systems. However, the temporal nature of these responses with respect to different immune insults is less well understood. This study investigated the magnitude and temporal variation in phenoloxidase and antimicrobial activity in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor in response to a number of different synthetic and real immune elicitors.

Diverse Mariner-like elements in fig wasps.

Mariner transposable elements are widespread and diverse in insects. We screened 10 species of fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) for mariner elements. All 10 species harbour a large diversity of mariner elements, most of which have interrupted reading frames in the transposase gene region, suggesting that they are inactive and ancient.

Symbiont-mediated protection.

Despite the fact that all vertically transmitted symbionts sequester resources from their hosts and are therefore costly to maintain, there is an extraordinary diversity of them in invertebrates. Some spread through host populations by providing their hosts with fitness benefits or by manipulating host sex ratio, but some do not: their maintenance in host lineages remains an enigma. In this review, I explore the evolutionary ecology of vertically transmitted symbionts and their impact on host resistance, and provide an overview of the evidence for the three-way interactions between these symbionts, natural enemies and invertebrate hosts.

Infection by a vertically-transmitted microsporidian parasite is associated with a female-biased sex ratio and survival advantage in the amphipod Gammarus roeseli.

SUMMARYVertically transmitted parasites may have positive, neutral or negative effects on host fitness, and are also predicted to exhibit sex-specific virulence to increase the proportion or fitness of the transmitting sex. We investigated these predictions in a study on the survival and sex ratio of offspring of the amphipod Gammarus roeseli from females infected by the vertically transmitted microsporidia Nosema granulosis. We found, to our knowledge, the first evidence for a positive relationship between N.

Functional consequences of blood clotting in insects.

Recent in vitro studies have revealed several important aspects of the biochemical and cellular processes involved in insect blood clotting. However, in vivo empirical studies of the functional consequences of clotting are lacking, despite the role of coagulation in wound-healing, preventing infection, and its homology with vertebrate wound repair. Here we present results of the in vivo effects of haemolymph coagulation and its consequences on the spatial disposition of immune activity, in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana.

Deep mtDNA divergences indicate cryptic species in a fig-pollinating wasp.

Background: Figs and fig-pollinating wasps are obligate mutualists that have coevolved for ca. 90 million years. They have radiated together, but do not show strict cospeciation.

Conflict between parasites with different transmission strategies infecting an amphipod host.

Competition between parasites within a host can influence the evolution of parasite virulence and host resistance, but few studies examine the effects of unrelated parasites with conflicting transmission strategies infecting the same host. Vertically transmitted (VT) parasites, transmitted from mother to offspring, are in conflict with virulent, horizontally transmitted (HT) parasites, because healthy hosts are necessary to maximize VT parasite fitness. Resolution of the conflict between these parasites should lead to the evolution of one of two strategies: avoidance, or sabotage of HT parasite virulence by the VT parasite.

Convergent incidences of Wolbachia infection in fig wasp communities from two continents.

Wide surveys suggest that Wolbachia bacteria infect ca. 20% of all insect species, but particular taxonomic or ecological groups may display significantly higher or lower incidences. We studied 61 fig wasp species in Australia and found the highest known incidence (67%) of infection in a targeted study of this nature.

Coexistence of three microsporidia parasites in populations of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus roeseli: evidence for vertical transmission and positive effect on reproduction.

We investigated the prevalence, transmission mode and fitness effects of infections by obligatory intracellular, microsporidian parasites in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus roeseli. We found three different microsporidia species in this host, all using transovarial (vertical) transmission. All three coexist at different prevalences in two host populations, but bi-infected individuals were rarely found, suggesting no (or very little) horizontal transmission.

Clinical, histologic and quantitative angiographic predictors of restenosis after directional coronary atherectomy: a multivariate analysis of the renarrowing process and late outcome.

Objectives: To characterize predictors of restenosis after successful directional atherectomy, we reviewed the clinical, angiographic and procedural data obtained during 132 consecutive procedures.

Methods: Clinical and angiographic follow-up data were obtained in a prospectively collected and consecutive series of 125 patients who underwent 132 atherectomy procedures for de novo (89%) or restenotic (11%) lesions in native coronary arteries. Restenosis was assessed clinically and by quantitative coronary angiography.

Coronary angioplasty through 4 French diagnostic catheters.

In 50 consecutive patients subjected to coronary angioplasty immediately following a 4 French (F) diagnostic study, the technical feasibility and economical aspects of angioplasty through 4F catheters of 54 lesions were assessed. The patients were selected, but multiple, eccentric, and long lesions were not a priori excluded. 4F diagnostic catheters (Cordis), and fixed-wire dilatation catheters (Ace, Scimed) were used in all cases.

The mechanism of directional coronary atherectomy.

An attempt was made to assess the mechanism of directional coronary atherectomy using different methods of analysis. Quantitative coronary angiography was used as the gold standard to assess the immediate results of atherectomy, and a comparative quantitative analysis of atherectomy and balloon angioplasty was made. To determine whether the post-atherectomy cross-sectional area is close to a circle, we compared the area measurements obtained by edge detection with those obtained by videodensitometry.

Coronary stenting through 6 French guiding catheters.

Most stent implantation procedures currently require the use of large-diameter guiding catheters. We describe our preliminary successful experience with 6 French guiding catheters to deliver balloon-expandable Palmaz-Schatz stents to the coronary arteries.

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty through six French catheters.

We present the results of 221 coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedures in which a 6 French diagnostic catheter was chosen as a guiding catheter. A total of 218 were done through a femoral and 3 through an axillary approach. Total occlusion PTCA was done in 9 (4%) and multivessel PTCA in 19 procedures (9%).

One hundred and thirteen attempts at directional coronary atherectomy: the early and combined experience of two European centres using quantitative angiography to assess their results.

Directional coronary atherectomy has been introduced as an alternative to conventional balloon angioplasty when treating coronary artery stenoses with complex lesion morphology. To determine the immediate efficacy of coronary atherectomy in patients with such lesions, the first 113 attempts at directional atherectomy in two centres using quantitative angiography were reviewed in 105 patients. The lesions were classified as complex stenosis since 95% had a symmetry index less than 1.