Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined with Histological Techniques for Dynamic Assessment of Cytotoxic Edema after Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Background: Reperfusion therapy after ischemic cerebral stroke may cause cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), and cerebral edema is an important factor that may aggravate CIRI. Our study aimed to dynamically monitor the development of early cytotoxic edema after CIRI by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to validate it using multiple histological imaging methods.

Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into sham and CIRI groups.

Hypoxia ischemia results in blood brain barrier damage via AKT/GSK-3β/CREB pathway in neonatal rats.

Previous studies have showed that the permeability of blood brain barrier (BBB) increased after hypoxia ischemia (HI). The current research uncovered the mechanism of altered BBB permeability after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) through AKT/GSK-3β/CREB signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Firstly, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess brain injury.

Exploring the limits of metasurface polarization multiplexing capability based on deep learning.

Metasurfaces provide a new approach for planar optics and thus have realized multifunctional meta-devices with different multiplexing strategies, among which polarization multiplexing has received much attention due to its convenience. At present, a variety of design methods of polarization multiplexed metasurfaces have been developed based on different meta-atoms. However, as the number of polarization states increases, the response space of meta-atoms becomes more and more complex, and it is difficult for these methods to explore the limit of polarization multiplexing.

Phase separation behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene--maleic anhydride) in the presence of hollow silica nanotubes.

The phase separation behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/poly(styrene--maleic anhydride) (SMA) blends with and without one-dimensional hollow silica nanotubes (HSNTs) was investigated using time-resolved small-angle laser light scattering. During isothermal annealing over a range of 100 °C above the glass transition temperature, the Arrhenius equation is applicable to describe the temperature dependence of phase separation behavior at the early and late stages of spinodal decomposition (SD) for unfilled and filled PMMA/SMA systems. The mechanical barrier effect of HSNTs on the macromolecular chain diffusion of the blend matrix may retard the concentration fluctuation at the early stage and slow down the domain coarsening at the late stage of SD phase separation for the blend matrix to result in the decrease of apparent diffusion coefficient , the postponement of the relaxation time and the decline of temperature sensitivity for the phase separation rate.

Effect of grafted graphene nanosheets on morphology evolution and conductive behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(styrene--acrylonitrile) blends during isothermal annealing.

A facile method was developed for directly grafting poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to graphene oxide (GO) without surface modification, with the resultant insulating PMMA--GO nanosheets further reduced to give conductive grafted reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets. The effect of PMMA--RGO nanosheets on the morphological evolution and conductive behavior of partially miscible blends of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly (styrene--acrylonitrile) (PMMA/SAN) upon annealing above their phase-separation temperature was investigated using phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) with a real-time online digital picoammeter. With phase separation of the blend matrix, the well-dispersed PMMA--RGO nanosheets in the homogeneous matrix preferentially migrated to the SAN-rich phase and showed remarkably little aggregation.