Pregnancy Associated Invasive Apocrine Carcinoma of the Breast: Case Report from Ethiopia.

We present a case report on a case of invasive apocrine carcinoma of breast during pregnancy at a tertiary referral hospital in Ethiopia. The patient's case in this report signifies the challenging clinical situation that the patient, developing fetus and treating physicians have to go through and the need to improve maternal-fetal medicine and oncologic setup and treatment guidelines in Ethiopia. Our case also illustrates the huge disparity between the management of both breast cancer and its occurrence during pregnancy in low-income countries like Ethiopia and developed nations elsewhere.

Social determinants of health: poverty, national infrastructure and investment.

This case presentation of a 19-year-old Ethiopian woman diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma reveals the barriers the patient has to medical treatment, including poverty and a lack of national infrastructure. The patient lives a life of poverty, and the outcome of her illness is a result of her being unable to overcome barriers to accessing health care due to inability to afford transport, lodging and treatment. In this case, the patient's vulnerability to disease due to her poverty is not overcome because of lack of infrastructure.