Dual-Functional Benzotrithiophene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Detoxification of Mustard Gas Simulants and Antibacterial Defense.

The persistent threats posed by toxic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) such as mustard gas (bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, HD) and bacterial contaminants demand the development of innovative, sustainable mitigation strategies. Photocatalytic processes that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) offer a promising dual-functional approach for both chemical detoxification and antibacterial defense. In this study, two structurally analogous covalent organic frameworks (COFs), BPY-COF and BD-COF, are synthesized using benzotrithiophene as the donor unit paired with bipyridine and biphenyl, respectively.

Reconstruction of a microbial TNT deep degradation system and its mechanism for reshaping microecology.

This study is the first to use synthetic biological omics technology to analyze the molecular mechanism underlying deep degradation of TNT, to construct an artificial transformation system to create engineered Escherichia coli bacteria, and to use Bacillus subtilis as an expression host to explore the mechanism driving the reshaping of the deep degradation platform on microecology. Nitroreductase family protein, 2-oxoacid:acceptor oxidoreductase, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, monooxygenase, ring-cleaving dioxygenase, and RraA family protein significantly participated in the reduction-hydroxylation-ring opening cleavage of TNT, achieving deep transformation of TNT to produce pyruvic acid and other products that entered the cellular metabolic cycle. The key toxic metabolic pathways of TNT, 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene, 2,4,6-triaminotoluene, and 2,4,6-trihydroxytoluene are pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis.

Effects of energetic compounds on soil microbial communities and functional genes at a typical ammunition demolition site.

High concentrations of energetic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) in military-contaminated sites pose a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. Better understanding about their effects on microbial diversity and functional genes in soil of ammunition demolition sites is required. In this study, the information of soil microbial community composition was obtained by metagenomic sequencing, and the impacts of energetic compounds on microbial community structure at the level of functional genes and enzymes based on Nr (Non-Redundant Protein Sequence Database), KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), CAZy (Carbohydrate-Active enZymes Database) and other databases were discussed.

Investigating the influencing factors of vaccination decisions for newly developed and established vaccines: a comparative study based on latent class logit models in China.

Background: The factors influencing vaccination decision-making for newly developed vaccines may be similar to and different from those for established vaccines. Understanding these underlying differences and similarities is crucial for designing targeted measures to promote new vaccines against potential novel viruses.

Objective: This study aims to compare public vaccination decisions for newly developed and established vaccines and to identify the differences and similarities in the influencing factors.

Key genomes, transcriptomes, proteins, and metabolic factors involved in the detoxification/tolerance of TNT and its intermediates by bacteria in anaerobic/aerobic environments.

Novel microbial strains capable of efficient degradation of TNT and typical intermediates (2-ADNT and 4-ADNT) in aerobic/anaerobic environment were screened and isolated from ammunition-contaminated sites. The key genomes, transcriptomes, proteins, and metabolic factors for microbial detoxification/tolerance to pollutants in anaerobic and aerobic environments were analyzed for the first time. The bacterial genome, which is rich in metabolism and environmental information-processing functional genes, provides transcriptional and translational-related proteins for detoxifying/tolerating pollutants.

Cooperation of Strong Electric Field and HO Dissociation on CoO-Decorated SiC Rods for Photodriven CO Methanation with 100% Selectivity.

Solar-driven methanation of carbon dioxide (CO) with water (HO) has emerged as an important strategy for achieving both carbon neutrality and fuel production. The selective methanation of CO was often hindered by the sluggish kinetics and the multiple competition of other C byproducts. To overcome this bottleneck, we utilized a biomass synthesis method to synthesize SiC rods and then constructed a direct Z-scheme heterojunction CoO/SiC catalyst.

Microecological characteristics of water bodies/sediments and microbial remediation strategies after 50 years of pollution exposure in ammunition destruction sites in China.

The effects of long-term ammunition pollution on microecological characteristics were analyzed to formulate microbial remediation strategies. Specifically, the response of enzyme systems, N/O stable isotopes, ion networks, and microbial community structure/function levels were analyzed in long-term (50 years) ammunition-contaminated water/sediments from a contamination site, and a compound bacterial agent capable of efficiently degrading trinitrotoluene (TNT) while tolerating many heavy metals was selected to remediate the ammunition-contaminated soil. The basic physical and chemical properties of the water/sediment (pH (up: 0.

Rheological and radioactive decontamination properties of ethyl cellulose sols in green solvents at a temperature below 0 °C.

Strippable film decontamination has been considered one of the best prospects for radioactive surface decontamination due to its high decontamination effect and less secondary pollution. However, research into strippable films has until now focused on radioactive decontamination at room temperature. Therefore, it is vital to seek a suitable degradable material for preparing strippable films in removing contaminants in an extremely cold region, as it will face the problem of the freezing of the detergent.

Heuristics in vaccination Decision-Making for newly developed Vaccines: Understanding the public's imitative behavior.

This study aims to investigate the extent to which the public engages in imitative behavior in their vaccination decisions for newly developed vaccines in the Chinese context. Given the crucial role of newly developed vaccines in preventing and controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, a better understanding of how people make decisions about vaccination with new vaccines is important for overcoming vaccine hesitation and promoting widespread adoption of the vaccines. Our results indicate that the public's decision-making about the newly developed vaccine is influenced by a range of heuristics, including a privileged information heuristic, competence heuristic, and consensus heuristic.

Analysis of environmental biological effects and OBT accumulation potential of microalgae in freshwater systems exposed to tritium pollution.

The ecological risk of tritiated wastewater into the environment has attracted much attention. Assessing the ecological risk of tritium-containing pollution is crucial by studying low-activity tritium exposure's environmental and biological effects on freshwater micro-environment and the enrichment potential of organically bound tritium (OBT) in microalgae and aquatic plants. The impact of tritium-contaminated wastewater on the microenvironment of freshwater systems was analyzed using microcosm experiments to simulate tritium pollution in freshwater systems.

First Display of Haloalkane Dehalogenase LinB on the Surface of Spore.

Background: LinB, as a Haloalkane dehalogenase, has good catalytic activity for many highly toxic and recalcitrant compounds, and can realize the elimination of chemical weapons HD in a green non-toxic mode.

Objectives: In order to display Haloalkane dehalogenase LinB on the surface of spore.

Methods: We have constituted the spore surface display system of halogenated alkanes dehalogenase LinB by gene recombination.

Effects of Different Types of Stabilizers on the Properties of Foam Detergent Used for Radioactive Surface Contamination.

Compared with high-pressure water and reagent washing decontamination, foam decontamination has a promising application due to its ability to significantly reduce the volume of radioactive waste liquids and effectively decontaminate the inner surface of the pipes, the interior of the large cavities, and the vertical walls. However, the foam is less stable, leading to a low decontamination rate. Currently, three main types of stabilizers with different stabilizing mechanisms, namely nanoparticles, polymers, and cosurfactants, are used to improve foam stability and thus increase the decontamination rate.

Defense mechanisms of alfalfa against cyclic tetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) stress.

Much attention has been paid to the environmental toxicity and ecological risk caused by cyclic tetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) pollution in military activity sites. In this study, the response mechanism of alfalfa plants to HMX was analyzed from the aspects of the photosynthetic system, micromorphology, antioxidant enzyme system, mineral metabolism, and secondary metabolism, in order to improve the efficiency of plant restoration. Exposure to 5 mg·L HMX resulted in a significant increase in leaf N content and a significant increase and drift of the Fourier transform infrared protein peak area.

Physiological response mechanism of alfalfa seedlings roots to typical explosive cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX).

This study explored the physiological response mechanism of alfalfa seedlings roots to a typical explosive, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), so as to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation. The response of plants to different levels of RDX were analyzed from the perspectives of mineral nutrition and metabolic networks. Exposure to RDX at 10-40 mg L had no significant effect on root morphology, but the plant roots significantly accumulated RDX in solution (17.

Generic detection of organophosphorus nerve agent adducts to butyrylcholinesterase in plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with an improved procainamide-gel separation and pepsin digestion method.

Organophosphorus nerve agent (OPNA) adducts to butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) can be applied to confirm exposure in humans. A sensitive method for generic detection of G- and V-series OPNA adducts to BChE in plasma was developed by combining an improved procainamide-gel separation (PGS) and pepsin digestion protocol with ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Residual matrix interferences from prior PGS purification of OPNA-BChE adducts from plasma were found to be a critical cause of significantly reduced UHPLC-MS/MS detection sensitivity.

Tritium and Carbon-14 Contamination Reshaping the Microbial Community Structure, Metabolic Network, and Element Cycle in the Seawater Environment.

The potential ecological risks caused by entering radioactive wastewater containing tritium and carbon-14 into the sea require careful evaluation. This study simulated seawater's tritium and carbon-14 pollution and analyzed the effects on the seawater and sediment microenvironments. Tritium and carbon-14 pollution primarily altered nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in the seawater environment.

Assessing the ecological risk of tritium and Carbon-14 discharge on cyanobacteria through metabolic profiling.

The ecological risk posed by tritium (T) and carbon-14 (C-14) discharge from nuclear accidents has gained attention. This study evaluated the toxic impact of T and C-14 (at a concentration of 37 kBq/L for 15 days) on the cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus). The results showed that the assimilation efficiency of cyanobacteria was significantly higher for C-14 than T, and the intracellular C-14 activity reached 30.

Effects of Fatty Alcohols with Different Chain Lengths on the Performance of Low pH Biomass-Based Foams for Radioactive Decontamination.

Compared with polymers and nanoparticles, fatty alcohols can not only increase the stability of foam, but also maintain better foamability at pH < 2, which is beneficial to reduce waste liquid and increase decontamination efficiency for radioactive surface pollution. However, different fatty alcohols have different hydrophobic chain lengths. The effects of fatty alcohols with different chain lengths on the performance of decontamination foam were studied at pH < 2, to assist in the selection of suitable fatty alcohols as foam stabilizers.

Study on the composition and distribution characteristics of As in As-containing agent contaminated soil.

In recent years, China and Japan are cooperating in the destruction of the Japanese army abandoned chemical weapons in China (JACWs). During the long-term burial of JACWs, As-containing agents leaked into the environment due to the corrosion of the shell, resulting in soil As pollution. This paper studied the fraction, speciation, and composition of As in the soil polluted by the As-containing agent in Jilin, China.

Fast and Selective Detection of Trace Chemical Warfare Agents Enabled by an ESIPT-Based Fluorescent Film Sensor.

Reliable detection of airborne chemical warfare agents (CWAs) at the site and in real-time remains a challenge due to the rarity of miniaturized analytical tools. Herein, an -carborane-functionalized benzothiazole derivative (PCBO) with excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and AIE characteristics was synthesized. The PCBO-based film sensor showed a highly sensitive response to representative simulants of CWAs, and detection limits were found to be 1.

A Sprayable and Visible Light Rapid-Cured Strippable Film for Surface Radioactive Decontamination.

Strippable film is effective for removing radioactive contamination. However, it still has some limitations, such as the long curing time (about 30 min~24 h) and the requirement of organic solvents. To address these issues, we report a simple protocol to prepare strippable decontamination films using liquid polybutadiene (LPB) and tert-butyl acrylate (TBA) as the raw materials without solvent and using camphorquinone/ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (CQ/EDB) as a photoinitiator, where the film was formed under household LED panel light or daylight irradiation for about 540 s.

Arsenic in soils contaminated by arsenic-containing chemical weapons in a site of Jilin, China: fraction and bioaccessibility.

At the end of World War II, the Japanese abandoned arsenic (As)-containing chemical weapons (CWs) in China. During the long-term burial process, the As-containing agents leaked into the environment due to the corrosion of weapon shells. This study explored the surface distribution, fraction composition, and bioaccessibility of As in the soil contaminated by chemical weapons in a site of Jilin Province, China.

Enhanced Adsorption and Mass Transfer of Hierarchically Porous Zr-MOF Nanoarchitectures toward Toxic Chemical Removal.

Zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) have shown tremendous prospects as highly efficient adsorbents against toxic chemicals under ambient conditions. Here, we report the enhanced toxic chemical adsorption and mass transfer properties of hierarchically porous Zr-MOF nanoarchitectures. A general and scalable sol-gel-based strategy combined with facile ambient pressure drying (APD) was utilized to construct MOF-808, MOF-808-NH, and UiO-66-NH xerogel monoliths, denoted as G808, G808-NH, and G66-NH, respectively.