Protein aggregation and biomolecular condensation in hypoxic environments (Review).

Due to molecular forces, biomacromolecules assemble into liquid condensates or solid aggregates, and their corresponding formation and dissolution processes are controlled. Protein homeostasis is disrupted by increasing age or environmental stress, leading to irreversible protein aggregation. Hypoxic pressure is an important factor in this process, and uncontrolled protein aggregation has been widely observed in hypoxia‑related conditions such as neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, hypoxic brain injury and cancer.

Elucidating key immunological biomarkers and immune microenvironment dynamics in aging-related intracranial aneurysm through integrated multi-omics analysis.

Background: The exact cause of intracranial aneurysms (IA) is still unclear. However, pro-inflammatory factors are known to contribute to IA progression. The specific changes in the immune microenvironment of IAs remain largely unexplored.

Kaempferol attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic mice via the Sirt1/AMPK signaling pathway.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases with limited treatment options. Moreover, its prevalence is doubled in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Kaempferol (KAP) is a flavonoid compound that has been suggested to have beneficial effects on NAFLD, but studies on the mechanism are lacking, especially in the diabetic state.

Edaravone Dexborneol Alleviates Cerebral Ischemic Injury via MKP-1-Mediated Inhibition of MAPKs and Activation of Nrf2.

The edaravone and dexborneol concentrated solution for injection (edaravone-dexborneol) is a medication used clinically to treat neurological impairment induced by ischemic stroke. This study was aimed at investigating the preventive effects and the underlying mechanisms of edaravone-dexborneol on cerebral ischemic injury. A rat four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) model was established, and the neuronal injury and consequent neurological impairment of rats was investigated.

Salvianolic acid A relieves cognitive disorder after chronic cerebral ischemia: Involvement of Drd2/Cryab/NF-κB pathway.

Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) refers to long-term hypoperfusion of cerebral blood flow with the main clinical manifestations of progressive cognitive impairment. The pathological mechanism of CCI is complex, and there is a lack of effective treatments. Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is a neuroprotective extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza with the effects of anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis.

Cocrystal of Apixaban-Quercetin: Improving Solubility and Bioavailability of Drug Combination of Two Poorly Soluble Drugs.

Drug combinations have been the hotspot of the pharmaceutical industry, but the promising applications are limited by the unmet solubility and low bioavailability. In this work, novel cocrystals, consisting of two antithrombotic drugs with poor solubility and low bioavailability in vivo, namely, apixaban (Apx) and quercetin (Que), were developed to discover a potential method to improve the poor solubility and internal absorption of the drug combination. Compared with Apx, the dissolution behavior of Apx-Que (1:1) and Apx-Que-2ACN (1:1:2) was enhanced significantly, while the physical mixture of the chemicals failed to exhibit the advantages.

Pinocembrin attenuates hemorrhagic transformation after delayed t-PA treatment in thromboembolic stroke rats by regulating endogenous metabolites.

Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common serious complication of stroke after thrombolysis treatment, which limits the clinical use of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Since early diagnosis and treatment for HT is important to improve the prognosis of stroke patients, it is urgent to discover the potential biomarkers and therapeutic drugs. Recent evidence shows that pinocembrin, a natural flavonoid compound, exerts anti-cerebral ischemia effect and expands the time window of t-PA.

Salvianolic acid A prevented cerebrovascular endothelial injury caused by acute ischemic stroke through inhibiting the Src signaling pathway.

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by ruptured or blocked blood vessels. For the prevention of ischemic stroke, the coagulation state of blood and cerebrovascular protection should be considered. Our previous study has shown that salvianolic acid A (SAA), which is a water-soluble component from the root of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge, prevents thrombosis with a mild inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation.

Puerarin ameliorates skeletal muscle wasting and fiber type transformation in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic rats.

Puerarin is an isoflavonoid extracted from Pueraria lobate with extensive pharmacological effects in traditional Chinese medicine. The evidence implicates that puerarin mitigates hyperglycemia and various relevant complications. Here, the effect of puerarin on skeletal muscle wasting induced by type 1 diabetes (T1D) was explored.

Shape-dependent close-edge 2D-MoS nanobelts.

Atomic-thin MoS materials have attracted increasing attention due to their potentials in numerous fields. However, in 2D-MoS sheets, the edge region usually has unique features differing from the interior region, which has potential application in enhancing catalysts and shape-dependent 2D-nanodevices. However, fabricating it cost-effectively is still very difficult.

Screening, Characterization and Evaluation of Mangiferin Polymorphs.

Mangiferin is a compound with many pharmacological activities and exists in many natural products. Anhydrous and hydrate of mangiferin have been reported separately in two literatures, but the polymorphism of this compound has not been realized until this paper. In this study, polymorph screening of mangiferin has been carried out and five forms have been obtained including three new forms never reported.

Ganoderic acid A protects neural cells against NO stress injury in vitro via stimulating β adrenergic receptors.

Excessive nitric oxide (NO) causes extensive damage to the nervous system, and the adrenergic system is disordered in many neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the role of the adrenergic system in protection of the nervous system against sodium nitroprusside (SNP) injury remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of ganoderic acid A (GA A) against SNP injury in neural cells and the role of adrenergic receptors in GA A neuroprotection.

Inhibition of FOXO3a/BIM signaling pathway contributes to the protective effect of salvianolic acid A against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is an effective compound extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Bunge. The Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) signaling pathway plays crucial roles in the modulation of ischemia-induced cell apoptosis. However, no information about the regulatory effect of SalA on FoxO3a is available.

Activation of Nrf2 signaling by salvianolic acid C attenuates NF‑κB mediated inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro.

Neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to neuroinflammation. Drugs targeting inflammation have been proved to be effective in many animal models. Salvianolic acid C (SalC) is a compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a plant with reported effects of inhibiting inflammation.

An Adaptive Moving Target Imaging Method for Bistatic Forward-Looking SAR Using Keystone Transform and Optimization NLCS.

Bistatic forward-looking SAR (BFSAR) is a kind of bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system that can image forward-looking terrain in the flight direction of an aircraft. Until now, BFSAR imaging theories and methods for a stationary scene have been researched thoroughly. However, for moving-target imaging with BFSAR, the non-cooperative movement of the moving target induces some new issues: (I) large and unknown range cell migration (RCM) (including range walk and high-order RCM); (II) the spatial-variances of the Doppler parameters (including the Doppler centroid and high-order Doppler) are not only unknown, but also nonlinear for different point-scatterers.

Therapeutic effect of methyl salicylate 2-O-β-d-lactoside on LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting TAK1/NF-kappaB phosphorylation and NLRP3 expression.

Acute lung injury (ALI), characterized by pulmonary edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, is a common syndrome of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Methyl salicylate 2-O-β-d-lactoside (MSL), a natural derivative of salicylate extracted from Gaultheria yunnanensis (Franch.) Rehder, was reported to have potent anti-inflammatory effects on the progression of collagen or adjuvant-induced arthritis in vivo and in vitro.

Near-Space TOPSAR Large-Scene Full-Aperture Imaging Scheme Based on Two-Step Processing.

Free of the constraints of orbit mechanisms, weather conditions and minimum antenna area, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) equipped on near-space platform is more suitable for sustained large-scene imaging compared with the spaceborne and airborne counterparts. Terrain observation by progressive scans (TOPS), which is a novel wide-swath imaging mode and allows the beam of SAR to scan along the azimuth, can reduce the time of echo acquisition for large scene. Thus, near-space TOPS-mode SAR (NS-TOPSAR) provides a new opportunity for sustained large-scene imaging.

Antidiabetic Effect of Salvianolic Acid A on Diabetic Animal Models via AMPK Activation and Mitochondrial Regulation.

Background/aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) characterized by hyperglycemia contributes to macrovascular and microvascular complications. Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is a polyphenolic compound isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about its antidiabetic effect.

Salvianolic Acid a prevents the pathological progression of hepatic fibrosis in high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Type 2 diabetes patients have an increased risk of developing hepatic fibrosis. Salvianolic acid A (SalA) has been reported to be a strong polyphenolic anti-oxidant and free radical scavenger. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of SalA on the pathological progression of hepatic fibrosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and to clarify the underlying mechanisms.

Rho kinase inhibition activity of pinocembrin in rat aortic rings contracted by angiotensin II.

Aim: To investigate the effects of pinocembrin on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular contraction, and to explore its molecular mechanism of actions.

Methods: The isometric vascular tone was measured in rat thoracic aortic rings with denuded endothelium. Phosphorylation level of myosin phosphatase target unit 1 (MYPT1), and protein levels of Rho kinase 1 (ROCK1, ROKβ or p160ROCK) and angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R) were determined by Western blot analysis.

Effect of valsartan on the pathological progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats with type 2 diabetes.

Currently there is no effective treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially hepatic fibrosis induced by type 2 diabetes. Valsartan maybe has beneficial effect on the liver disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of valsartan on the pathological progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats with type 2 diabetes.

[Research progress of salvianolic acid A].

Salvianolic acid A is a water-soluble component from Danshen, which is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine. High performance liquid chromatography was often used to analyze content of salvianolic acid A. The yield of salvianolic acid A increased by the technological improvement of extraction and separation.

[Effects of the active components of Chinese herbal medicine Xiaoxuming Decoction on memory behavior and brain injury in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia].

Objective: To study the effects of the active components of Xiaoxuming Decoction (XXM), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on chronic cerebral ischemia in rats.

Methods: Chronic cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries. Then, the rats with chronic cerebral ischemia were randomly divided into five groups: model group, extract of Ginkgo biloba group and low-, medium- and high-dose active components of XXM groups.

Salvianolic acid A protects against vascular endothelial dysfunction in high-fat diet fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is one of the main active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhizae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of SalA on the diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED). The rats were given a high-fat and high-sucrose diet for 1 month followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg).