Diabetic Macular Edema Management: A Review of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Therapies.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major cause of vision impairment in diabetic individuals, characterized by fluid accumulation in the macula due to a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). This review article explores the role of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies in the management of DME. Anti-VEGF treatments, including ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept, have revolutionized DME management by targeting VEGF, a key mediator in DME pathogenesis.

The Evolution and Current Landscape of Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgeries: A Review.

This review examines the evolution, current status, and future potential of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS), a significant advancement in the treatment of glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness. MIGS offer a less invasive alternative to traditional glaucoma surgeries, primarily aimed at reducing intraocular pressure, minimizing tissue trauma, and providing a safer profile. With the emergence of devices such as the Trabectome, iStent, and others, MIGS have expanded the surgical toolkit, allowing personalized, patient-centered care.

A case of etanercept (anti-TNF agent) induced granulomas on the lids.

Sarcoid-like granulomas are a rare adverse effect of TNF-α inhibitors that are becoming increasingly reported in the literature. A retrospective study in France estimated this adverse effect to occur in 0.04% patients.

Corneal collagen crosslinking for progressive keratoconus in Saudi Arabia: One-year controlled clinical trial analysis.

Aims: To determine the short-term efficacy of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) treatment in patients with progressive Keratoconus (KCN) in comparison with no treatment.

Settings And Design: This controlled clinical trial study was carried out at a tertiary eye hospital, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Methods And Material: A prospective controlled clinical study of patients being treated for Keratoconus at a tertiary eye care hospital in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia.

Incidence of endophthalmitis following intravitreal Bevacizumab injection at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

The aim of this communication is to report the incidence of endophthalmitis following the use of intravitreal Bevacizumab (IVB) at a tertiary care hospital in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. A total of 2769 intravitreal Bevacizumab injections were carried out between January 2009 and April 2014. During this period, one case of endophthalmitis following IVB injection occurred.

Improvement of visual acuity based on optical coherence tomography patterns following intravitreal bevacizumab treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema.

Aim: To report the visual outcome based on various patterns of optical coherence tomography (OCT) morphology in diabetic macular edema (DME), following treatment with anti-VEGF intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection.

Methods: Sixty-seven consecutive subjects with centre involving DME underwent intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.

Infliximab therapy for idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysm, and neuroretinitis syndrome.

Purpose: We report our experience in treating 2 patients of idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysm, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome with antitumor necrosis factor agent, infliximab, who showed a very favorable response to treatment.

Methods: Two patients with clinical diagnosis of IRVAN syndrome were included in the study. The visual acuity was affected due to ocular inflammation and presence of macular edema due to exudation around the optic nerve.