Optimization of operating conditions for the catalytic alcoholysis of waste PET for the synthesis of BHET by sunflower seed husk matrix materials.

A sunflower seed shell matrix catalyst (SMS-750) was prepared from sunflower seed shell waste by pretreatment and pyrolytic carbonization. A series of characterization analyses showed that the prepared catalyst was rich in Ca, Mg, K, and other mineral elements and mainly existed in the form of metal oxides. SMS-750 was used to catalyze the glycolysis of waste PET, and the main factors affecting the BHET yield were screened out by a one-way experimental design, and then the BHET yield was used as the response value, and the response surface method was used to design and analyze the effects of the respective variables and their interactions on the degradation of PET according to the principle of Box-Behnken central combinatorial design.

Activated hepatic stellate cell-derived small extracellular vesicles facilitate M2 macrophage polarization and hepatoma progression via miR-27a-3p.

The progression of hepatoma is heavily influenced by the microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered to play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and increase the aggressiveness of hepatoma. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is involved in hepatoma progression, and accumulating evidence demonstrates a change in microRNA (miRNA) expression during HSC activation.

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Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may be associated with cerebral vasospasm, which can lead to delayed cerebral ischemia, infarction, and worsened functional outcomes. The delayed nature of cerebral ischemia secondary to SAH-related vasculopathy presents a window of opportunity for the evaluation of well-tolerated neuroprotective agents administered soon after ictus. Secondary ischemic injury in SAH is associated with increased extracellular glutamate, which can overactivate NMDA receptors (NMDARs), thereby triggering NMDAR-mediated cellular damage.

Effects of Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin on endothelial dysfunction and the inflammatory response in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications seriously threaten human life and health. Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin (RC) is widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases.

Mutant p53 achieves function by regulating EGR1 to induce epithelial mesenchymal transition.

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in lung cancer metastasis, rendering it a promising therapeutic target. Research has shown that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with p53 mutations exhibits an increased tendency for cancer metastasis. However, the exact contribution of the p53-R273H mutation to tumor metastasis remains uncertain in the current literature.

Exploring flat-band properties in two-dimensional MQX compounds.

We present a computational study of the MQX family of two-dimensional compounds, focusing specifically on their flat-band properties. We use a high-throughput search methodology, accelerated by machine learning, to explore the vast chemical space spawned by this family. In this way, we identify numerous stable 2D compounds within the MQX family.

Clonal transmission of bla-carrying ST196 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates mediated by the IncN plasmid in China.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical and molecular epidemiological characteristics of bla-carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary hospital in China.

Methods: Ten carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates carrying the bla gene were collected.

Pangenome analysis of Shewanella xiamenensis revealed important genetic traits concerning genetic diversity, pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance.

Background: Shewanella xiamenensis, widely distributed in natural environments, has long been considered as opportunistic pathogen. Recently, significant changes in the resistance spectrum have been observed in S. xiamenensis, due to acquired antibiotic resistance genes.

Molecular characterization of extensively drug-resistant hypervirulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in China.

Background: Recently, extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA) isolates have been increasingly detected and posed great challenges to clinical anti-infection treatments. However, little is known about extensively resistant hypervirulent P. aeruginosa (XDR-hvPA).

Two-Dimensional Noble Metal Chalcogenides in the Frustrated Snub-Square Lattice.

We study two-dimensional noble metal chalcogenides, with compositions {Cu, Ag, Au}{S, Se, Te}, crystallizing in a snub-square lattice. This is a semiregular two-dimensional tesselation formed by triangles and squares that exhibits geometrical frustration. We use for comparison a square lattice, from which the snub-square tiling can be derived by a simple rotation of the squares.

Function and biomedical implications of exosomal microRNAs delivered by parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) are important components of the tumor microenvironment. They are small membrane-bound vesicles derived from almost all cell types and play an important role in intercellular communication. Exosomes transmit biological molecules obtained from parent cells, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and are involved in cancer development.

PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint pathway regulates hippocampal neuronal excitability and learning and memory behavior.

Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 constitute an immune checkpoint pathway. We report that neuronal PD-1 signaling regulates learning/memory in health and disease. Mice lacking PD-1 (encoded by Pdcd1) exhibit enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Biofilm Supernatant of PA75 and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antitumor Activities.

Purpose: As an under-explored biomaterial, bacterial biofilms have a wide range of applications in the green synthesis of nanomaterials. The biofilm supernatant of PA75 was used to synthesize novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). BF75-AgNPs were found to possess several biological properties.

Metagenomic analysis reveals the short-term influences on conjugation of bla and microbiome in hospital wastewater by silver nanoparticles at environmental-related concentration.

Hospital wastewater contains large amounts of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and serves as an important reservoir for horizontal gene transfer (HGT). However, the response of the microbiome in hospital wastewater to silver remains unclear. In this study, the short-term impacts of silver on the microbiome in hospital wastewater were investigated by metagenome next-generation sequencing.

Machine-Learning-Assisted Determination of the Global Zero-Temperature Phase Diagram of Materials.

Crystal-graph attention neural networks have emerged recently as remarkable tools for the prediction of thermodynamic stability. The efficacy of their learning capabilities and their reliability is however subject to the quantity and quality of the data they are fed. Previous networks exhibit strong biases due to the inhomogeneity of the training data.

Clonal transmission of polymyxin B-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coharboring bla and bla in a tertiary hospital in China.

Background: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (MDR-hvKP) has gradually increased. It poses a severe threat to human health.

Surgical Considerations to Improve Recovery in Acute Spinal Cord Injury.

Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can be a devastating and costly event for individuals, their families, and the health system as a whole. Prognosis is heavily dependent on the physical extent of the injury and the severity of neurological dysfunction. If not treated urgently, individuals can suffer exacerbated secondary injury cascades that may increase tissue injury and limit recovery.

Effect of Acute Physical Interventions on Pathophysiology and Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

Physical rehabilitation is essential for enhancing recovery in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, aside from early surgical intervention and hemodynamic management, there are no proven interventions for promoting recovery in the acute phase. In general, early rehabilitation is considered beneficial, but optimal parameters and potential contraindications for implementing rehabilitation at very early time points are unclear. Moreover, clinical trials to date are limited to studies initiating rehabilitation 2 weeks after injury and later.

Dysregulation of EZH2/miR-138-5p Axis Contributes to Radiosensitivity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell by Downregulating Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha (HIF-1).

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase involved in cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role and molecular mechanisms of EZH2 in HCC radiosensitivity remain unclear. Here, we show that EZH2 is upregulated in HCC cells and the aberrantly overexpressed EZH2 is associated with the poor prognosis of HCC patients.

Molecular and clinical characterization of hypervirulent isolates from individuals with urinary tract infections.

Despite being a significant public health concern, hypervirulent (hvKP) has rarely been investigated in urinary tract infections (UTIs). To investigate the molecular and clinical characterization of hvKP in UTIs, we collected strains and clinical data from patients with UTIs. HvKP was confirmed by virulence-related genes and the model and sequenced by next-generation sequencing.

Pinoresinol diglucoside ameliorates H/R-induced injury of cardiomyocytes by regulating miR-142-3p and HIF1AN.

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) in ameliorating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R)-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used to establish an in-vitro ischemia-reperfusion injury model of cardiomyocytes. Cells were treated with 1 μmol/L of PDG.

Prophylactic treatment with CN-105 improves functional outcomes in a murine model of closed head injury.

The treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in military populations is hindered by underreporting and underdiagnosis. Clinical symptoms and outcomes may be mitigated with an effective pre-injury prophylaxis. This study evaluates whether CN-105, a 5-amino acid apolipoprotein E (ApoE) mimetic peptide previously shown to modify the post-traumatic neuroinflammatory response, would maintain its neuroprotective effects if administered prior to closed-head injury in a clinically relevant murine model.

KLK5 is associated with the radioresistance, aggression, and progression of cervical cancer.

Objective: The role of kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) has been studied in several diseases, including skin and ovarian cancers. However, its role in cervical cancer remains unclear, particularly in regulating the radiation resistance and growth of cervical cancer cells. Radiation resistance of cervical cancer is associated with local recurrence, distant metastasis, and reduced survival.