Baicalin Ameliorates Depression-like Behaviors via Inhibiting Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in Mice.

Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disease which brings an increasing burden to all countries globally. Baicalin, a flavonoid extracted from the dried roots of Scutellaria, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects in the treatment of depression. However, the potential biological mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effect are still unclear.

The Bach1/HO-1 pathway regulates oxidative stress and contributes to ferroptosis in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in H9c2 cells and mice.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most frequently used chemotherapeutic drugs belonging to the class of anthracyclines. However, the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines limit their clinical use. Recent studies have suggested that ferroptosis is the main underlying pathogenetic mechanism of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC).

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis in People Living with HIV: Case Report and Literature Review.

With the increase in the number of cases of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of people living with HIV (PLWH) showing abnormal behavior, cognitive impairment or abnormal movements should be actively screened for the antibody panel of AE. Early recognition and treatment can prevent severe seizures or coma and markedly improve the prognosis of patients. The first-line immunotherapy for AE includes intravenous methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin.

The STING inhibitor C-176 attenuates MPTP-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in mouse parkinsonian models.

Recent emerging evidence reveals that cGAS-STING-mediated Type I interferon (IFN) signaling axis takes part in the microglial-associated neuroinflammation. However, the potential role of pharmacological inhibition of STING on neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of STING attenuates neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in experimental models of Parkinson's disease.

The clinical and virological features of two children's coinfections with human adenovirus type 7 and human coronavirus-229E virus.

Objective: Human adenovirus (HAdV) coinfection with other respiratory viruses is common, but adenovirus infection combined with human coronavirus-229E (HCoV-229E) is very rare.

Study Design And Setting: Clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and disease severity were compared between three groups: one coinfected with HAdV-Ad7 and HCoV-229E, one infected only with adenovirus (mono-adenovirus), and one infected only with HCoV-229E (mono-HCoV-229E).

Results: From July to August 2019, there were 24 hospitalized children: two were coinfected with HAdV-Ad7 and HCoV-229E, and 21 were infected with a single adenovirus infection.

Nomogram-Based Risk Model of Small (≤5 mm) Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture in an Eastern Asian Study.

Background And Purpose: Risk stratification of small unruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) (< =5 mm) is important for clinical decision-making and management. The aim of this study was to develop an individualized rupture risk model for small IAs in an eastern Asian population.

Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 343 patients with ruptured ( = 96) and unruptured ( = 285) small IAs.

Fully Automatic Classification of Brain Atrophy on NCCT Images in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Pilot Study Using Deep Learning Models.

Objective: Brain atrophy is an important imaging characteristic of cerebral small vascular disease (CSVD). Our study explores the linear measurement application on CT images of CSVD patients and develops a fully automatic brain atrophy classification model. The second aim was to compare it with the end-to-end Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) model.

Admission Homocysteine as a Potential Predictor for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a primary cause of poor prognosis after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and needs close medical attention in clinical practice. Homocysteine (Hcy) has been implicated in cerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether serum Hcy could help to predict the occurrence of DCI in aSAH patients, and compare its diagnostic value with traditional methods.

Urolithin A promotes mitophagy and suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglial cells and MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model.

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction play critical role in the pathogenic process of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitophagy plays central role in mitochondrial quality control. Hence, regulation of microglial activation through mitophagy could be a valuable strategy in controlling microglia-mediated neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.

Urolithin A protects dopaminergic neurons in experimental models of Parkinson's disease by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis through the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction hold considerable promise for the treatment of PD. Recent reports have highlighted the protective role of urolithin A (UA), a gut metabolite produced from ellagic acid-containing foods such as pomegranates, berries and walnuts, in several neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke.

Single and Repeated Episodes of Species Isolated From Cerebrospinal Fluid for Diagnosing Probable .

The clinical relevance of single or repeated episodes of spp. in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in adult patients is debatable. Forty-two patients with positive episodes in CSF were enrolled in this retrospective study.

Hyperthermia Selectively Destabilizes Oncogenic Fusion Proteins.

Unlabelled: The PML/RARα fusion protein is the oncogenic driver in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Although most APL cases are cured by PML/RARα-targeting therapy, relapse and resistance can occur due to drug-resistant mutations. Here we report that thermal stress destabilizes the PML/RARα protein, including clinically identified drug-resistant mutants.

Paraneoplastic myelitis associated with durvalumab treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes(PNSs) caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) is rare and requires clinicians to differentiate between disease progression and immune-related adverse effects(irAEs). We hereby report the case of immune-related myelitis accompanied by positive paraneoplastic autoantibodies following durvalumab treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). A 70-year-old Chinese woman with ES-SCLC was administered durvalumab with etoposid-platinum(EP) as first-line treatment.

Integrin α4β1/VCAM-1 Interaction Evokes Dynamic Cell Aggregation Between Immune Cells and Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells at Infectious Hemolysis.

Bacterial and viral infection is a common cause of pneumonia, respiratory failure, and even acute respiratory distress syndrome. Increasing evidence indicates that red blood cells (RBCs) may contribute to immune response and inflammation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms that link RBC and hemolysis to the development and progression of inflammatory pathologies are not entirely understood.

Imaging characteristics of Intrasellar cavernous hemangioma: A case report.

Rationale: Intrasellar cavernous hemangiomas (ICHs) are rare vascular lesions that arise in the sellar region. ICHs are usually misdiagnosed and treated as pituitary adenomas. Therefore, a preoperative diagnosis is particularly important, especially when the goal is complete resection.

Impaired autophagy in microglia aggravates dopaminergic neurodegeneration by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation in experimental models of Parkinson's disease.

Microglia-mediated inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, autophagy has been linked to the regulation of the inflammatory response. However, the potential role of microglial autophagy in the context of PD pathology has not been characterized.

The Clinical and Radiological Manifestations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Negative Nucleic Acid Results.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was a new emerging disease with high infectiousness. Its diagnosis primarily depended on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. This study investigated epidemiological, clinical, and radiological characteristics of COVID-19 with negative RT-PCR results before confirmation.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): chest CT characteristics benefit to early disease recognition and patient classification-a single center experience.

Background: The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), epi-centered in Wuhan, Hubei Province of the China, has become a global health emergency. Several studies from China have recently provided the evidence of epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Investigation on the role of chest CT in patient screening and management course in a large cohort remains paucity.

Pharmacological Inhibition of HDAC6 Attenuates NLRP3 Inflammatory Response and Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in Experimental Models of Parkinson's Disease.

Aim: To investigate the role of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) deacetylation activity in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3) inflammatory response and explore the effects of pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 with tubastatin A (TBA) on dopaminergic injury.

Methods: Using 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) models, we examined the effects of TBA on NLRP3 activation and cell injury in SH-SY5Y cells. We also investigated the effects of TBA on NLRP3 inflammatory responses and dopaminergic injury in the nigrostriatal system in mice and analyzed the acetylation levels of peroxiredoxin2 (Prx2) and oxidative stress.

TREM2 deficiency aggravates α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease models.

Variants in the gene encoding the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are known to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer disease and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the potential role of TREM2 effect on synucleinopathy has not been characterized. In this study, we investigated whether loss of TREM2 function affects α-synucleinopathy both and .

Role of Aspergillus fumigatus-Specific IgE in the Diagnosis of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis.

Introduction: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) has been regarded as a rare disease in China due to the lack of quantitative detection of Aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgE (sIgE). We compared the diagnostic rate of ABPA among asthma patients with or without A. fumigatus-sIgE screening tests to evaluate the benefit of the tests in diagnosing ABPA.

Evaluation of a quantitative serum Aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgM assay for diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.

Background: The early diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) remains challenging. Currently, a new quantitative IgM antibody assay that enveloped purified galactomannan extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus as antigen was commercially available in China, but its diagnostic value remains to be established.

Methods: To evaluate the role of this commercial IgM assay for diagnosis of CPA, a multi-center prospective study was performed in 12 hospitals in Zhejiang Province, from January 1 to December 31, 2016.

Hypertriglyceridemia Is Associated with Reduced Leukoaraiosis Severity in Patients with a Small Vessel Stroke.

Intracranial hemorrhage or microbleeds and leukoaraiosis have an overlap in biology. Hyperlipidemia may reduce the risk of ICH or cerebral microbleeds; studies focusing on the relationship between different lipid profiles and severity of periventricular hyperintensities (PVH) and subcortical white matter lesions (SWMLs) in the cerebral small vessel disease are limited. .