Rapid identification of bloodstream infection pathogens and drug resistance using Raman spectroscopy enhanced by convolutional neural networks.

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a critical medical concern, characterized by elevated morbidity, mortality, extended hospital stays, substantial healthcare costs, and diagnostic challenges. The clinical outcomes for patients with BSI can be markedly improved through the prompt identification of the causative pathogens and their susceptibility to antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. Traditional BSI diagnosis via blood culture is often hindered by its lengthy incubation period and its limitations in detecting pathogenic bacteria and their resistance profiles.

Study of the Epidemiological and Mechanistic Differences Between Carbapenem-Resistant Infections in Children and Adults.

Background: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) has garnered international concern due to its significant antibiotic resistance. Notably, children exhibit distinct resistance mechanisms compared to adults, necessitating a differential approach to antibiotic selection. A thorough analysis of CRKP's epidemiology and drug resistance mechanisms is essential for establishing a robust foundation for clinical anti-infection strategies and precise prevention and control measures.

Characterization of ST11 and ST15 Carbapenem-Resistant Hypervirulent from Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.

Background: The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent (hv-CRKP) is a serious public threat globally. Here, we performed clinical, molecular, and phenotypic monitoring of hv-CRKP strains isolated from the intensive care unit (ICU) to offer evidence for prevention and control in hospitals.

Methods: Data analysis of ICU patients suffering from ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) because of hv-CRKP infection, admitted at the Chinese Teaching Hospital between March 2019 and September 2021 was performed.

Liposomes trigger bone marrow niche macrophage "foam" cell formation and affect hematopoiesis in mice.

Liposomes are the most widely used nanocarrier platform for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, and a number of liposomes have been approved for use in clinical practice. After systemic administration, most liposomes are cleared by macrophages in the mononuclear phagocyte system, such as the liver and bone marrow (BM). However, the majority of studies have focused on investigating the therapeutic results of liposomal drugs, and too few studies have evaluated the potential side effects of empty nanocarriers on the functions of macrophages in the mononuclear phagocyte system.

Preliminary exploration on the serum biomarkers of bloodstream infection with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae based on mass spectrometry.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) bloodstream infections (BSI) must be rapidly identified to improve patient survival rates. This study investigated a new mass spectrometry-based method for improving the identification of CRKP BSI and explored potential biomarkers that could differentiate CRKP BSI from sensitive.

Rapid Detection Method for Pathogenic Captured by Magnetic Nanoparticles and Identified Using SERS via AgNPs.

Purpose: Candidemia infection is common in the clinic and has a high mortality rate. , and are very important and common pathogenic species. is difficult to isolate from clinical samples and culture, and immunological detection cannot distinguish these related strains.

A Novel -Harboring IncHI2 Plasmid pE648CTX-M-65 Isolated from a Clinical Extensively-Drug-Resistant ST648.

Background: An ESBL, carbapenemase- and MCR-1-producing ST648 strain was isolated from the urine sample of a patient in a Chinese tertiary hospital in 2016.

Methods: The strain was fully sequenced by GridION X5 platform of Oxford Nanopore Technology.

Results: The sequence analysis showed that the extended-spectrum β-lactamases CTX-M-65 and OXA-1, the carbapenemase NDM-5, the MCR-1 were encoded, respectively, by three different resistance plasmids.

Disease burden and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant infection in a tertiary hospital in China.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) has become an urgent global public health issue, but its distribution has obvious regional differences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the patient-based disease burden and molecular epidemiology of CRKP infections in a tertiary hospital in northern Jiangsu Province in China.

Methods: A retrospective, epidemiological survey of CRKP infections in our hospital from January to December 2016 was conducted to collect clinical and epidemiologic data.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with UF-5000i urine flow cytometry to directly identify pathogens in clinical urine specimens within 1 hour.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common hospital-associated infectious. The traditional laboratory diagnosis method for UTI requires at least 24 hours, and it cannot provide the etiology basis for the clinic in time. The aim of our study is to develop a new method for pathogenic diagnosis of UTI by combining matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and UF-5000i from urine samples directly within 1 hour.

Comparative analysis of laboratory indexes of severe and non-severe patients infected with COVID-19.

Background: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has threaten the global health. The characteristics of laboratory findings of coronavirus are of great significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. We found indicators that may most effectively predict a non-severe COVID-19 patient develop into a severe patient.

Overestimated discriminatory power of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for typing of carbapenem-resistant clones.

Homology surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is critical to monitor and prevent outbreaks of nosocomial infections. In the present study, a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF MS)-based method was evaluated as a rapid tool for typing CRKP in comparison with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi locus sequence typing (MLST). Drug-resistant phenotypes and genotypes of 44 CRKP isolates were detected by microdilution broth method and polymerase chain reaction, and typed by PFGE, MLST and MALDI-TOF MS.

First Reported Nosocomial Outbreak Of NDM-5-Producing In A Neonatal Unit In China.

Purpose: Carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) have emerged worldwide and also being a major threat to children and neonate. In this study, we describe a nosocomial outbreak of NDM-5-producing in neonatal unit of a teaching hospital in China from September 2015 to September 2016.

Patients And Methods: We collected 12 carbapenem-resistant outbreak strains from 12 newborns and characterized these isolates for their antimicrobial susceptibility, clone relationships, and multi-locus sequence types using vitek-2 compact system, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).

Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant and with Class 1, Class 2, and Atypical Class 1 Integrons in China.

Emergence of multidrug-resistant , a major causative agent of bacterial dysentery, has generated many concerns not only in China but also worldwide. However, the prevalence of resistance caused by integron in the nonpopular season of diarrhea is not clear. Thirty-one and 22 samples collected in December 2010 from 10 cities of China were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, gene cassettes, widespread of integrons, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile.

High Prevalence of Variants Among Carbapenem-Resistant in Northern Jiangsu Province, China.

The continuous emergence of carbapenem-resistant (CRECO) presents a great challenge to public health. New Delhi metallo-lactamase (NDM) variants are widely disseminated in China, so the research on the prevalence and transmission of diverse variants is urgently needed. In the present study, 54 CRECO isolates were collected from 1,185 isolates in five hospitals in Northern Jiangsu Province, China from September 2015 to August 2016.

Two novel mutations in among isolated from Jiangsu Province of China, 2016.

Background: The study was conducted to assess the resistance capacity of quinolone against , and to investigate the involved quinolone resistance mechanism. The data were collected from Jiangsu Province, China in 2016.

Methods: The number of 81 was obtained from 12 cities in Jiangsu Province of China during 2016.

Prevalence and characterisation of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Shigella flexneri isolates from Jiangsu Province, China, 2013-2015.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Shigella flexneri resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) and to characterise the underlying resistance mechanisms.

Methods: A total of 282 S. flexneri strains isolated in 2013-2015 in Jiangsu Province, China, were identified, serotyped and analysed for their susceptibility to 3GCs.

Virulence-associated genes and molecular characteristics of non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae isolated from hepatitis B cirrhosis patients in China.

Objectives: We aimed to report virulence-associated genes and molecular characteristics of non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae isolated from hepatitis B cirrhosis patients in China.

Methods: Patient clinical data including course of disease, laboratory tests, antibiotic treatment and outcomes were collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and virulence-associated genes were detected by PCR.

Label-free identification carbapenem-resistant based on surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering.

In this study, a surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) method has been developed for the accurate detection and identification of carbapenem-resistant and carbapenem-sensitive . A total of 89 human isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, comprising 41 strains of carbapenem-sensitive (CSEC) and 48 strains of carbapenem-resistant (CREC), were tested to assess the feasibility of our proposed SERRS method as a clinical tool, and the results showed almost 100% accuracy.

A 10-year surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Shigella sonnei isolates circulating in Jiangsu Province, China.

Objectives: The rapid emergence of drug-resistant Shigella sonnei is a serious public health problem. This study aimed to characterise the antimicrobial resistance patterns, molecular subtypes, and integron types and resistance gene cassettes in S. sonnei from Jiangsu Province, China.

Characterization of integrons and novel cassette arrays in bacteria from clinical isloates in China, 2000-2014.

Rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial isolates is an increasing problem in China. Integron, a conserved DNA sequence, which is carried on episomal genetic structures, plays a very important role in development of antibiotic resistance. This systematic analysis was based on MEDLINE and EMBASE databases.

SOS response and its regulation on the fluoroquinolone resistance.

Bacteria can survive fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) treatment by becoming resistant through a genetic change-mutation or gene acquisition. The SOS response is widespread among bacteria and exhibits considerable variation in its composition and regulation, which is repressed by LexA protein and derepressed by RecA protein. Here, we take a comprehensive review of the SOS gene network and its regulation on the fluoroquinolone resistance.