Management and outcome of adult generalized tetanus in a Chinese tertiary hospital.

Background: Tetanus is a rare surgical infectious disease with a high reported relevant mortality. It still remains a serious problem in public health, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the management and prognosis of adult generalized tetanus in our hospital.

Circ-phkb promotes cell apoptosis and inflammation in LPS-induced alveolar macrophages via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB/CCL2 axis.

Background: Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) have been associated with acute lung injury (ALI), but their molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: This study developed a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and evaluated the modeling effect by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection of inflammatory factors (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6). Using lung tissues from a rat model of LPS-induced ALI, we then conducted circRNA sequencing, mRNA sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis to obtain differential circRNA and mRNA expression profiles as well as potential ceRNA networks.

Improve the prediction of liver transplant mortality based on pre-transplant factors: A multi-center study from China: Mortality prediction of LT.

Aims: To designed a new model using pre-transplant data to predict post-transplant mortality for Chinese population and compared its performance to that of existing models.

Methods: In this multicenter study, 544 recipients of liver transplants for non-tumor indications were enrolled in the training group and 276 patients in the validation group. The new Simplified Mortality Prediction Scores (SMOPS) model was compared to the MELD and four existing models using the C-statistic.

Machine learning-based identification of CYBB and FCAR as potential neutrophil extracellular trap-related treatment targets in sepsis.

Objective: Sepsis related injury has gradually become the main cause of death in non-cardiac patients in intensive care units, but the underlying pathological and physiological mechanisms remain unclear. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (SEPSIS-3) definition emphasized organ dysfunction caused by infection. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can cause inflammation and have key roles in sepsis organ failure; however, the role of NETs-related genes in sepsis is unknown.

Efficacy of comprehensive unit-based safety program to prevent ventilator associated-pneumonia for mechanically ventilated patients in China: A propensity-matched analysis.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in patients with mechanical ventilation. VAP is largely preventable, and a comprehensive unit-based safety program (CUSP) has effectively reduced HAI. In this study, we aim to comprehensively investigate the effect of implementing the CUSP in patients requiring mechanical ventilation.

Expert consensus on liver transplantation perioperative evaluation and rehabilitation for acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) can be cured by liver transplantation; however, perioperative complications still affect posttransplant outcomes. In recent years, early rehabilitation for critical illness, liver disease, and surgery have significantly improved organ reserve function, surgery tolerance, and postoperative quality of life. They could also be applied in the perioperative period of liver transplantation in patients with ACLF.

Heat shock preconditioning mesenchymal stem cells attenuate acute lung injury via reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages.

Objectives: Acute lung injury (ALI) remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and to date, there is no effective treatment for ALI. Previous studies have revealed that topical administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can attenuate the pathological changes in experimental acute lung injury. Heat shock (HS) pretreatment has been identified as a method to enhance the survival and function of cells.

Correction: MicroRNA-377-3p released by mesenchymal stem cell exosomes ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by targeting RPTOR to induce autophagy.

This work was supported by National 13th Five-Year Science and Technology Plan Major Projects of China (2017ZX10203205-006-001); National Key R&D Plan (2017YFA0104304); National Natural Science Foundation of China (81770648 81972286); Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2015A030312013, 2018A0303130305); Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province (2017B020209004, 20169013, 2017B030314027). This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

MicroRNA-377-3p released by mesenchymal stem cell exosomes ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by targeting RPTOR to induce autophagy.

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the severe lung damage and respiratory failure without effective therapy. However, there was a lack of understanding of the mechanism by which exosomes regulate autophagy during ALI/ARDS. Here, we found lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly increased inflammatory factors, administration of exosomes released by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) successfully improved lung morphometry.

NLRP3 Regulated CXCL12 Expression in Acute Neutrophilic Lung Injury.

Background And Purpose: Both NLRP3 inflammasome and chemokines are involved in the initiation and development of acute lung inflammation, but the underlying mechanism is still elusive. The present study investigated the role of chemokines and NLRP3 in recruiting neutrophils in the early phase of acute lung injury.

Methods: In an endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS])-induced acute lung injury model, we measured the lung injury severity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and chemokine profiles in wild-type (WT) and NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3) mice, and then identified the key chemokines by specific antibody blockage.

Mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate acute lung injury induced by LPS mainly through stanniocalcin-2 mediating macrophage polarization.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating syndrome with no effective pharmacological therapies in the clinic. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to promote inflammation resolution and tissue repair in ALI. However, the specific mechanisms of this have not been clearly elucidated.

Higher vs. Lower DP for Ventilated Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Driving pressure (DP) has recently become a promising mediator for the identification of the effects of mechanical ventilation on outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of this study was to systematically and quantitatively update and assess the association between DP and mortality among ventilated patients with ARDS.

Methods: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase were systematically searched from inception to June 2018.

Exosomes derived from microRNA-30b-3p-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting SAA3.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely documented for their potential role in the treatment of various clinical disorders, including acute lung injury (ALI). ALI represents a clinical syndrome associated with histopathological diffuse alveolar damage. Recent evidence has demonstrated that exosomes derived from MSCs may serve as a reservoir of anti-apoptotic microRNAs (miRs) conferring protection from certain diseases.

The clinical efficacy of intravenous IgM-enriched immunoglobulin (pentaglobin) in sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Background: Sepsis is characterized by a complex immune response. This meta-analysis evaluated the clinical effectiveness of intravenous IgM-enriched immunoglobulin (IVIgGM) in patients with sepsis and septic shock.

Methods: Four databases, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase, were systematically searched from inception to June 2018 to update the 2013 edition of the Cochrane review by two investigators, who independently selected studies, extracted relevant data, and evaluated study quality.

Tracking of transplanted human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells labeled with fluorescent probe in a mouse model of acute lung injury.

The aim of the present study was topreliminarily visualize the distribution of humanumbilical cord‑derivedmesenchymal stem cells (hUC‑MSCs) in treating acute lung injury (ALI) using a targeted fluorescent technique. Anovel fluorescent molecule probe was first synthesized via the specific binding of antigen and antibody in vitro to label the hUC‑MSCs. Two groups of mice, comprising a normal saline (NS)+MSC group and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+MSC group, were subjected to optical imaging.

The association of lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory factors with hepatopulmonary syndrome and their changes after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Background: The level of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and inflammatory factors were higher in end stage liver disease patient than in normal person for the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function. Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) was a common pulmonary complication in end stage liver disease. But the association of LPS and inflammatory factors such as toll like receptor 2 (TLR2), TNF-α and ET-1 with the development of HPS was undefined.