Personal exposure to PM in five commuting modes under hazy and non-hazy conditions.

Effective reducing exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) during commuting can help lower the risk of adverse health effects therefrom; however, few studies have examined the influence of different background levels of air pollution-particularly in China where PM concentrations are high globally. In this study, personal sampling was conducted to measure individual exposure during five different modes of commuting (bus, metro, car, bicycle and walking) in Shanghai, China. A total of 125 measurements were conducted for five days under haze and non-haze conditions, following which the corresponding doses of PM inhaled were estimated.

Reducing the Influence of Environmental Factors on Performance of a Diffusion-Based Personal Exposure Kit.

Sensor technology has enabled the development of portable low-cost monitoring kits that might supplement many applications in conventional monitoring stations. Despite the sensitivity of electrochemical gas sensors to environmental change, they are increasingly important in monitoring polluted microenvironments. The performance of a compact diffusion-based Personal Exposure Kit (PEK) was assessed for real-time gaseous pollutant measurement (CO, O, and NO) under typical environmental conditions encountered in the subtropical city of Hong Kong.

Global, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures from 2000 to 2019: a three-stage modelling study.

Background: Exposure to cold or hot temperatures is associated with premature deaths. We aimed to evaluate the global, regional, and national mortality burden associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures.

Methods: In this modelling study, we collected time-series data on mortality and ambient temperatures from 750 locations in 43 countries and five meta-predictors at a grid size of 0·5° × 0·5° across the globe.

Fine particulate matter constituents and infant mortality in Africa: A multicountry study.

Background: Few studies have investigated the association between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and infant mortality in developing countries, especially for the health effects of specific PM constituents.

Objective: We aimed to examine the association of long-term exposure to specific PM constituents with infant mortality in 15 African countries from 2005 to 2015.

Methods: Based on the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) dataset, we included birth history records from 15 countries in Africa and conducted a multicountry cross-sectional study to examine the associations between specific PM constituents and infant mortality.

Association of fine particulate matter air pollution and its constituents with lung function: The China Pulmonary Health study.

The associations of long-term exposure to various constituents of fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter, PM) air pollution with lung function were not clearly elucidated in developing countries. The aim was to evaluate the associations of long-term exposure to main constituents of PM with lung function in China.

Indoor exposure levels of ammonia in residences, schools, and offices in China from 1980 to 2019: A systematic review.

Indoor ammonia (NH ) pollution has been paid more and more attention in view of its health risk. However, few studies have investigated the exposure level in the non-occupational environment in China. This study systematically reviewed the indoor ammonia exposure level in different regions, the equivalent exposure concentration of different populations, and the factors that influence indoor air ammonia in residences, offices, and schools in China.

The prospective effects of long-term exposure to ambient PM and constituents on mortality in rural East China.

Few cohort studies explored the associations of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM) and its chemical constituents with mortality risk in rural China. We conducted a 12-year prospective study of 28,793 adults in rural Deqing, China from 2006 to 2018.

Evaluating carbon content in airway macrophages as a biomarker of personal exposure to fine particulate matter and its acute respiratory effects.

It remains unclear whether carbon content in airway macrophages (AM) can predict personal short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution and its respiratory health effects. We aimed to evaluate the pathway from personal PM exposure to adverse respiratory outcomes through AM carbon content. We designed a longitudinal panel study with 3 scheduled follow-ups among 113 non-smoking patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Shanghai, China, from April 2017 to January 2019.

Associations of residential greenness with peripheral and central obesity in China.

Background: Obesity is a well-known risk factor for public health. Recent studies found that greenness exposure may protect against obesity. However, the accumulated evidence on associations of greenness-obesity is inconsistent and most of them are from developed countries.

Population ageing and deaths attributable to ambient PM pollution: a global analysis of economic cost.

Background: The health impacts of ambient air pollution impose large costs on society. Although all people are exposed to air pollution, the older population (ie, those aged ≥60 years) tends to be disproportionally affected. As a result, there is growing concern about the health impacts of air pollution as many countries undergo rapid population ageing.

Effects of using different exposure data to estimate changes in premature mortality attributable to PM and O in China.

The assessment of premature mortality associated with the dramatic changes in fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O) has important scientific significance and provides valuable information for future emission control strategies. Exposure data are particularly vital but may cause great uncertainty in health burden assessments. This study, for the first time, used six methods to generate the concentration data of PM and O in China between 2014 and 2018, and then quantified the changes in premature mortality due to PM and O using the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) model.

Associations of fine particulate matter and its constituents with airway inflammation, lung function, and buccal mucosa microbiota in children.

Background: Previous studies have suggested acute effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution on respiratory health among children, but evidence for PM constituents and respiratory health were still limited.

Objectives: To investigate associations of short-term exposure to PM and its constituents with airway inflammation, lung function, and airway microbiota in children.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal panel study with 3 repeated health measurements among 62 children in Shanghai, China from November 2018 to June 2019.

The Acute Effect of Diesel Exhaust Particles and Different Fractions Exposure on Blood Coagulation Function in Mice.

The toxicity and widespread exposure opportunity of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has aroused public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of DEP and different fractions exposure on blood coagulation function in mice. In this study, nine- week-old C57BL/6J male mice were divided into four exposure groups (with 15 mice in each group).

Prenatal exposure to residential PM and its chemical constituents and weight in preschool children: A longitudinal study from Shanghai, China.

Background: Studies have reported that prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) might be associated with adverse birth outcomes in offspring. However, evidence with regard to the effects of prenatal exposure to PM and, especially, its main chemical constituents on offspring's weight in childhood is limited and inconsistent.

Objectives: The present study aimed to examine associations of prenatal exposure to PM total mass and its chemical constituents in each trimester with children's weight from birth to 6 years of age using data from Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study.

Ambient carbon monoxide and daily mortality: a global time-series study in 337 cities.

Background: Epidemiological evidence on short-term association between ambient carbon monoxide (CO) and mortality is inconclusive and limited to single cities, regions, or countries. Generalisation of results from previous studies is hindered by potential publication bias and different modelling approaches. We therefore assessed the association between short-term exposure to ambient CO and daily mortality in a multicity, multicountry setting.

Paternal Exposure to PM Programs Offspring's Energy Homeostasis.

Considerable studies show that maternal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) programs offspring's susceptibility to obesity. However, few studies have investigated the effect of paternal PM exposure on offspring's energy homeostasis. This study thus tested whether paternal PM exposure programs offspring's energy homeostasis.

Short term associations of ambient nitrogen dioxide with daily total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality: multilocation analysis in 398 cities.

Objective: To evaluate the short term associations between nitrogen dioxide (NO) and total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality across multiple countries/regions worldwide, using a uniform analytical protocol.

Design: Two stage, time series approach, with overdispersed generalised linear models and multilevel meta-analysis.

Setting: 398 cities in 22 low to high income countries/regions.

Ultrafine particulate air pollution and pediatric emergency-department visits for main respiratory diseases in Shanghai, China.

Background: Few studies have explored the short-term effects of ultrafine particles (UFPs, particles < 0.1 μm) air pollution on the exacerbations of pediatric respiratory diseases.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate short-term association between UFP and emergency-department visits (EDVs) for main pediatric respiratory diseases.

Projection of ship emissions and their impact on air quality in 2030 in Yangtze River delta, China.

China has been in the implementation phase of Domestic Ship Emission Control Areas (DECAs) regulation to reduce emissions of air pollutants from ships near populated areas since 2016. The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is one of the busiest port clusters in the world, accounting for 11% of global seaborne cargo throughput, so future improvements in shipping emission controls may still be important in this region. To assess the impact of future ship emissions on air quality of coastal areas, this study evaluates emissions reductions and air quality in 2030 for three scenarios (business as usual, stricter regulations, and aspirational policies) representing increasing levels of control compared with a base year of 2015.

Parental PM exposure changes Th17/Treg cells in offspring, is associated with the elevation of blood pressure.

Epidemiological evidences have indicated that fine particulate matter (PM ) exposure is associated with the occurrence and development of hypertension. The present study aims to explore the effects of parental PM exposure on blood pressure in offspring and elucidate the potential mechanism. The parental male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to concentrated PM or filtered air (FA) using Shanghai Meteorological and Environmental Animal Exposure System (Shanghai-METAS) for 16 weeks.

Acute effects of fine particulate matter constituents on cardiopulmonary function in a panel of COPD patients.

Background: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) has been linked with adverse cardiorespiratory health conditions. However, evidence for PM constituents is still scarce, especially among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Objective: To investigate the associations of short-term exposure to different chemical constituents of PM with measures of cardiac and lung function in COPD patients.