The recommendations of Chinese Parkinson's disease and movement disorder society consensus on therapeutic management of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive and debilitating disease, which affects over 2.5 million people in China. PD is characterized clinically by resting tremor, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability.

Excision of anomalous muscle bundles as an important addition to extended septal myectomy for treatment of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

Objective: This study aims to report our preliminary experience and anatomic findings in the surgical treatment and postoperative management of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Methods: This study included 277 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (168 [60.65%] were male), with a median age of 47 years (interquartile range, 35-54 years), who underwent surgical myectomy performed by 1 surgeon in Fuwai Hospital between May 2010 and April 2015.

Regional Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling After Myectomy in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Surgical extended septal myectomy is appropriate treatment for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with refractory symptoms. Using 3-layer speckle tracking imaging, we aimed to evaluate the effects of myectomy on left ventricular (LV) regions and the potential factors associated with LV reverse remodeling.

Methods: In 71 patients (mean age, 41.

2,5-hexanedione induced apoptosis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by reactive oxygen species.

Objectives: n-Hexane, a common industrial organic solvent, causes multiple organ damage, especially neurotoxicity, which is proved to be caused by its metabolite 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD). We previously showed that 2,5-HD induced apoptosis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In the current study, we explored the mechanism of 2,5-HD-induced apoptosis, especially the role played by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

[Research of Determining Complete Degradation Time in Vitro Based on Cellulose Absorbable Hemostatic Products].

To develop a method for determining complete degradation time of solublehemostatic products in vitro with accuracy, high speed and effectiveness, the current weight loss method originated from GB/T 16886 serial standards was optimized by using dialysis bag combined with assay of reducing sugar. The degradation was carried out with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, at 37℃, 150 rpm. The dialysis bags were taken out in the 3rd, 6th, 8th, 10th and 14th day, vacuum drying folowed by percentage of weight loss testing.

A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pregabalin for Postherpetic Neuralgia in a Population of Chinese Patients.

Background And Purpose: Currently, there are limited options for treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) patients in China. While pregabalin is an effective treatment option for PHN in several countries, there is limited information on its efficacy in Chinese patients.

Methods: This was an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Chinese patients with PHN randomized (1:1) to pregabalin 300 mg/day or placebo.

Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MR Imaging is Superior to Diffusion-Tensor Imaging in the Diagnosis and Severity Evaluation of Parkinson's Disease: A Study on Substantia Nigra and Striatum.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by nigrostriatal cell loss. To date, the diagnosis of PD is still based primarily on the clinical manifestations, which may be typical and obvious only in advanced-stage PD. Thus, it is crucial to find a reliable marker for the diagnosis of PD.

Frequency-tunable optoelectronic oscillator using a dual-mode amplified feedback laser as an electrically controlled active microwave photonic filter.

A widely tunable optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based on a self-injection-locked monolithic dual-mode amplified feedback laser (DM-AFL) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed OEO structure, the DM-AFL functions as an active tunable microwave photonic filter (MPF). By tuning the injection current applied on the amplifier section of the AFL, tunable microwave outputs ranging from 32 to 41 GHz and single sideband phase noises below -97  dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset from the carriers were realized.

The decomposition of protoporphyrin IX by ultrasound is dependent on the generation of hydroxyl radicals.

The ultrasound activation of certain drugs, such as porphyrins, could cause synergistic cytotoxic effects on cells. Both sonomechanical and sonochemical effects occur and the latter play a critical role because antioxidant agents could exert significant protective effects against the cytotoxicity. To investigate the reactive oxygen species involved in the sonochemical effects, aqueous protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) solutions were characterized under ultrasound sonication in this study.

[The effective parts of liangxue tongyu prescription on cooling-blood and activating-blood and analysis of chemical constituents by HPLC-MS and GC-MS].

In order to clarify material basis of effective parts of liangxue tongyu prescription, blood-heat and blood-stasis rat model induced by dry yeast was established. The changes of rectal temperature, blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were used to evaluate the cooling-blood and activating-blood effects of liangxue tongyu prescription and its parts. Compared with the model group, the extract from liangxue tongyu prescription, its volatile oil and n-butanol part could significantly reduce rectal temperature (P<0.

Cognitive decline is associated with reduced surface GluR1 expression in the hippocampus of aged rats.

Individual differences in cognitive aging exist in humans and in rodent populations, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Activity-dependent delivery of GluR1-containing AMPA receptor (AMPARs) plays an essential role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. We hypothesize that alterations of surface GluR1 expression in the hippocampus might correlate with age-related cognitive decline.

Protoporphyrin IX induces a necrotic cell death in human THP-1 macrophages through activation of reactive oxygen species/c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase pathway and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore.

Background: Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and its derivatives are widely used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) to kill cancer cells. Studies showed that the application of these drugs could cause systemic toxic effects in human. However, the molecular pathways involved in PpIX-induced cytotoxicity are not well-defined.

Inhibition of VDAC1 prevents Ca²⁺-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated sonodynamic therapy in THP-1 macrophages.

Ultrasound combined with endogenous protoporphyrin IX derived from 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-SDT) is known to induce apoptosis in multiple cancer cells and macrophages. Persistent retention of macrophages in the plaque has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of atherosclerosis. Here we investigated the effects of inhibition of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) on ALA-SDT-induced THP-1 macrophages apoptosis.

Chemical exchange saturation transfer MR imaging of Parkinson's disease at 3 Tesla.

Objectives: To demonstrate the feasibility of using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging to detect Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients at 3 Tesla.

Methods: Twenty-seven PD patients (17 men and 10 women; age range, 54-77 years) and 22 age-matched normal controls (13 men and 9 women; age range, 55-73 years) were examined on a 3-Tesla MRI system. Magnetization transfer spectra with 31 different frequency offsets (-6 to 6 ppm) were acquired at two transverse slices of the head, including the basal ganglia and midbrain.

The predominant pathway of apoptosis in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated sonodynamic therapy is the mitochondria-caspase pathway despite the participation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Background: In advanced atherosclerosis, chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces foam cells apoptosis and generates inflammatory reactions.

Methods: THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells (FC) were incubated with 1 mM 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). After ALA mediated sonodynamic therapy (ALA-SDT), apoptosis of FC was assayed by Annexin V-PI staining.

Chinese culture permeation in the treatment of Parkinson disease: a cross-sectional study in four regions of China.

Background: Little is known about the clinical features and treatment of Chinese patients with Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods: A large cross-sectional survey of clinical features, medication use, and motor complications was conducted in 901 consecutive PD patients, from 42 randomly selected university-affiliated hospitals in four urban economic regions of China, between December 2006 and May 2007.

Results: The 901 PD patients had age range 30 to 88, and median disease duration 50 months.

Flow visualization in the outflow cannula of an axial blood pump.

The properties of blood flow in the outflow cannula of an axial blood pump play a critical role in potential thrombus formation and vascular injury. In this study, an in vitro flow visualization technique using particle image velocimetry (PIV) was applied to investigate the flow characteristics in the outflow cannula of a FW-2 model axial pump. The two-dimensional (2-D) flow field in the axial central section and the three-dimensional (3-D) flow field in the whole outflow cannula were examined with the PIV system.

[Efficacy and safety of ropinirole in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: a multi-center, randomized, double-blind and bromocriptine-controlled trial].

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of ropinirole in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Methods: From November 2005 to April 2007, a total of 221 subjects from 7 hospitals of Beijing, Lanzhou and Wuhan participated in a 12-week multi-center, randomized, bromocriptine-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy and parallel-group trial. The efficacy of ropinirole was assessed with the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) score, "off" time according to the patient's diary and the overall evolution of clinical efficacy.

Quantifying temporal trends in ground level ozone concentration in the UK.

There is a high interest in quantifying temporal trends in surface ozone concentrations as they serve to quantify the impacts of the anthropogenic precursor reductions and to assess the effects of emission control strategies. In this paper ozone trends for nearly 2 decades (1993 to 2011) at both rural and urban sites have been analysed, using ground level ozone data from 5 urban and 15 rural sites, which are part of the UK AURN. This study analyses ozone trends at various percentiles, in addition to traditional mean trends using quantile regression, TheilSen function, and changepoint analysis.

[Numerical simulation of LVAD inflow cannulas with different tips].

The tip structure is one of the key factors to determine the performance of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) inflow cannulas. The tip structure influences the thrombosis, hemolysis in cannula and left ventricle and suction leading to obstruction in ventricle. We designed four kinds of inflow cannulas that had different tips and built the numerical models of the four historical used inflow cannulas inserted into the apex of left ventricle.

[Establishment of subseries cell lines from tongue cancer single cell and detection of cancer stem cell markers].

Objective: To establish subseries cell lines from single, cancer cell of Tca8113M1 cell line and detect the cancer stem cell markers in the different subseries cell lines.

Methods: The subseries cell lines from single cancer cell of Tca8113M1 cell line were established by limiting dilution assay in vitro. The characteristic of tumorigenicity and CD44, CD184, extracellular soluble antigen (ESA) of the cancer stem cell markers were detected by xenotransplantation and flow cytometry respectively.

Geospatial analysis of naturally occurring boundaries in road-transport emissions and children's respiratory health across a demographically diverse cityscape.

The motor-vehicle is accountable for emitting a substantial concoction of air quality objective pollutants and carcinogenic hydrocarbons within close proximity to urbanised residential districts. The spatial extent of health impacts associated with road-transport pollutants have traditionally been explored through the examination of artificially created buffers, defined by subjective distances from specified major road links. Within this paper an alternative approach is presented using boundary statistics, which describe naturally occurring shifts of magnitude in socio-environmental and health outcomes across the wider urban area.

Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated sonodynamic therapy on macrophages.

Background: Inflammatory cells exhibit an elevated level of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) after the administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Here, we investigate the sonodynamic effects of ALA-derived PpIX (ALA-PpIX) on macrophages, which are the pivotal inflammatory cells in atherosclerosis.

Methods And Results: Cultured THP-1 macrophages were incubated with ALA.

A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, controlled trial on brotizolam intervention in outpatients with insomnia.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy and safety of brotizolam in outpatients with insomnia.

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, controlled trial recruited 253 outpatients randomized to receive either brotizolam (n = 126) or estazolam (n = 127) for 14 days followed by 1 week of follow-up for rebound detection. Sleep Dysfunction Rating Scale (SDRS) and Clinical General Impression Scale were applied for efficacy evaluation.