The effectiveness and safety of linagliptin within elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Background: Linagliptin is a convenient and effective drug approved for glycemic management in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the effectiveness and safety evidence of linagliptin remains unclear with the increasing prevalence of T2DM in elderly patients.

Objective: For evaluating the effectiveness and safety of linagliptin within T2DM cases who aged ≥60 years.

Interleukin-11 treatment protected against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective: Inflammation and immune responses are crucial factors associated with the onset and progression of stroke. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a hematopoietic IL-6 family cytokine that functions as an anti-inflammatory agent against various inflammatory diseases. However, its roles in stroke remain unknown.

[A study on expression of HIF-1alpha and EPO in the hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia].

Objective: To observe the expression rule of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1alpha) and erythropoietion (EPO) in the formation of vascular dementia (VD) and investigate the possible pathogenesis of VD.

Methods: Rats of experimental group were treated with a permanent bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA) occlusion (2-VO) for establishing vascular dementia model. Rats were evaluated on learning-memory ability by Y-type water maze test.