MaGA20ox2f, an OsSD1 homolog, regulates flowering time and fruit yield in banana.

Unlabelled: Previous studies illustrated that two banana GA20 oxidase2 (MaGA20ox2) genes, and , are implicated in controlling banana growth and development; however, the biological function of each gene remains unknown. Ma04g15900 protein (termed MaGA20ox2f in this article) is the closest homolog to the Rice SD1 (encoded by 'green revolution gene', ) in the banana genome. The expression of is confined to leaves, peduncles, fruit peels, and pulp.

Scutellarein Inhibits Osteosarcoma Growth by Targeting the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB Pathway.

Purpose: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant tumor associated with poor patient outcomes and a limited availability of therapeutic agents. Scutellarein (SCU) is a monomeric flavone bioactive compound with potent anti-cancer activity. However, the effects and mechanisms of SCU on the growth of OS remain unknown.

Cxcl10 is required for survival during SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, remains endemic worldwide ∼5 years since the first documented case. Severe COVID-19 is widely considered to be caused by a dysregulated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 within the respiratory tract. Circulating levels of the chemokine CXCL10 are strongly positively associated with poor outcome; however, its precise role in pathogenesis and its suitability as a therapeutic target have remained undefined.

A Linear Mixed Effects Model for Evaluating Synthetic Gene Circuits.

A significant advancement in synthetic biology is the development of synthetic gene circuits with predictive Boolean logic. However, there is no universally accepted or applied statistical test to analyze the performance of these circuits. Many basic statistical tests fail to capture the predicted logic (OR, AND, etc.

Cross-reactive sarbecovirus antibodies induced by mosaic RBD-nanoparticles.

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 become obsolete as spike substitutions reduce antibody binding. To induce antibodies against conserved receptor-binding domain (RBD) regions for protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and zoonotic sarbecoviruses, we developed mosaic-8b RBD-nanoparticles presenting eight sarbecovirus RBDs arranged randomly on a 60-mer nanoparticle. Mosaic-8b immunizations protected animals from challenges from viruses whose RBDs were matched or mismatched to those on nanoparticles.

Multidimensional morphological analysis of live sperm based on multiple-target tracking.

Manual semen evaluation methods are subjective and time-consuming. In this study, a deep learning algorithmic framework was designed to enable non-invasive multidimensional morphological analysis of live sperm in motion, improve current clinical sperm morphology testing methods, and significantly contribute to the advancement of assisted reproductive technologies. We improved the FairMOT tracking algorithm by incorporating the distance and angle of the same sperm head movement in adjacent frames, as well as the head target detection frame IOU value, into the cost function of the Hungarian matching algorithm.

Using HBmito Crimson to Observe Mitochondrial Cristae Through STED Microscopy.

Mitochondrial cristae, formed by folding the mitochondrial inner membrane (IM), are essential for cellular energy supply. However, the observation of the IM is challenging due to the limitations in spatiotemporal resolution offered by conventional microscopy and the absence of suitable in vitro probes specifically targeting the IM. Here, we describe a detailed imaging protocol for the mitochondrial inner membrane using the Si-rhodamine dye HBmito Crimson, which has excellent photophysical properties, to label live cells for imaging via stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy.

Simultaneous Anti-Tuberculosis and Anti-Tumor Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Co-Existent Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Advanced Lung Cancer.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as the first-line treatment for driver-negative advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is uncertainty regarding the availability and timing of ICI initiation in patients with NSCLC combined with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Additionally, the implementation of dual therapy for anti-TB and anti-tumor treatment poses significant challenges in terms of avoiding drug-drug interactions and reducing adverse reactions during clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Efficient Hydrolysis of Fish Parvalbumin by Marine Bacterial Protease VSP2V-280: Allergen Removal.

Parvalbumin is a major allergen in fish. However, there is currently no effective and safe way to remove this allergen from fish. In this study, protease gene VSP2V-280 of marine bacteria sp.

Novel Insights Into Peptide-Calcium Chelates From : Preparation and Its Structure, Stability, and Calcium Transport Analysis.

Peptide-Ca chelates are innovative calcium supplements. possesses nutritional advantages for preparing calcium-binding peptides (CBPs), although there are limited studies on this subject. Therefore, this paper investigated the optimal condition for preparing CBPs and peptide-calcium chelates (LP-Ca), along with analyzing their microstructure, calcium-binding mechanisms, stability, and calcium transporting efficacy.

Genetically Predicted Gut Microbiota Mediate the Association Between Fatty Acids and Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Fatty acids (FAs) and gut bacteria likely play vital roles in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). However, the causal connection between FAs, gut microbiota, and ICP has not yet been confirmed. To investigate the associations of FAs, gut bacteria, and ICP, a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with two samples was performed to identify the potential causal relationships between FAs and ICP.

From Soil to Salad: Strategies for Reducing Foodborne Illness Outbreaks.

This study addresses the global issue of foodborne illness, specifically focusing on those resulting from the consumption of leafy green vegetables. It explores the rising trend of consuming minimally processed or raw foods and the imperative of maintaining safety standards starting at the preharvest stage to prevent pathogenic bacterial contamination. The study identifies soil and irrigation water as key sources of pathogens and emphasizes the need for strict preventive measures during production and preharvest.

Efficacy and safety of oral Chinese patent medicine for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: This paper aims to evaluate the disparities in efficacy and safety across various oral Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), using a frequency-based reticulated meta-analysis.

Methods: The researchers searched the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Excerpta Medical Database (Embase), Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Network (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform and China Science and Technology Periodicals Database (VIP). Besides, the researchers collected all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of oral Chinese patent medicines, as well as simple preparations and simple preparations for benign prostatic hyperplasia from the establishment of the database until July1, 2024.

Dosimetric and On-treatment Clinical Results of a Volumetric-based Skin-sparing Planning Technique for Patients Treated to the Breast and Chest Wall With Pencil-Beam Scanning Proton Therapy.

Purpose: This study evaluates the hypothesis that a volumetric skin-sparing planning technique (SSPT) will reduce acute dermatitis in patients treated to the breast or chest wall (CW) with proton pencil-beam scanning (PBS).

Methods And Materials: In January 2022, our center incorporated volumetric-based skin-sparing objectives in addition to skin hot spot evaluation as an SSPT. The SSPT incorporated an objective to limit the volume of a skin evaluation structure (skin-eval) receiving 95% of the prescription dose or more (V95%Rx) to ideally < 50%.

PET/CT guided tuberculosis treatment shortening: a randomized trial.

Six months of chemotherapy using current agents is standard of care for pulmonary, drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB), even though some are believed to be cured more rapidly and others require longer therapy. Understanding what factors determine the length of treatment required for durable cure in individual patients would allow individualization of treatment durations, provide better clinical tools to determine the of appropriate duration of new regimens, as well as reduce the cost of large Phase III studies to determine the optimal combinations to use in TB control programs. We conducted a randomized clinical trial in South Africa and China that recruited 704 participants with newly diagnosed, drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis and stratified them based on radiographic disease characteristics as assessed by FDG PET/CT scan readers.

Deciphering the endogenous SUMO-1 landscape: a novel combinatorial peptide enrichment strategy for global profiling and disease association.

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) plays a pivotal role in diverse cellular processes and is implicated in diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. However, large-scale identification of endogenous SUMO-1 faces challenges due to limited enrichment methods and its lower abundance compared to SUMO-2/3. Here we propose a novel combinatorial peptide strategy, combined with anti-adhesive polymer development, to enrich endogenous SUMO-1 modified peptides, revealing a comprehensive SUMOylation landscape.

Uncertainty estimation in diagnosis generation from large language models: next-word probability is not pre-test probability.

Objective: To evaluate large language models (LLMs) for pre-test diagnostic probability estimation and compare their uncertainty estimation performance with a traditional machine learning classifier.

Materials And Methods: We assessed 2 instruction-tuned LLMs, Mistral-7B-Instruct and Llama3-70B-chat-hf, on predicting binary outcomes for Sepsis, Arrhythmia, and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) using electronic health record (EHR) data from 660 patients. Three uncertainty estimation methods-Verbalized Confidence, Token Logits, and LLM Embedding+XGB-were compared against an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) classifier trained on raw EHR data.

Comparison of diet and exercise on cardiometabolic factors in young adults with overweight/obesity: multiomics analysis and gut microbiota prediction, a randomized controlled trial.

The optimal strategy for improving cardiometabolic factors (CMFs) in young obese individuals through diet and exercise remains unclear, as do the potential mechanisms. We conducted an 8-week randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of different interventions in youth with overweight/obesity. Gut microbes and serum metabolites were examined to identify regulating mechanisms.

Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) for monogenic nephropathy: a single-center retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: Hereditary nephropathy is an important cause of renal insufficiency and end-stage renal disease. Therefore, for couples with monogenic nephropathy, preventing transmission of the disease to offspring is urgent. Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) is a means to prevent intergenerational inheritance by screening and transplanting normal embryos.

Kuiyangling Enema Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis Mice by Reducing Levels of Intestinal NETs and Promoting HuR/VDR Signaling.

Purpose: Kuiyangling is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Imbalance in NETs regulation is one of the important factors contributing to the onset of ulcerative colitis (UC). The HuR/VDR signaling pathway plays a significant role in restoring the intestinal mucosal barrier in UC.

Potential Functions and Causal Associations of GNLY in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Integration of Blood-Derived Proteome, Transcriptome, and Experimental Verification.

Purpose: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genetic loci associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). However, the mechanisms by which these loci contribute to POAG progression remain unclear. This study aimed to identify potential causative genes involved in the development of POAG.

A photocatalytic superhydrophobic coating with p-n type BiOBr/α-FeO heterojunctions applied in NO degradation.

Coal combustion generates soot-type air pollution, and NO, as a typical pollutant, is the main haze-causing pollutant. The degradation of NO by means of photocatalytic superhydrophobic multifunctional coatings is both durable and economical. The precipitation method was employed to create a p-n type BiOBr/α-FeO photocatalytic binary system.

Composites of YF: Yb, Er, Tm@CN-Au with near-infrared light-driven ability for photocatalytic wastewater purification.

Photocatalytic technology for removing organic dye pollutants has gained considerable attention because of its ability to harness abundant solar energy without requiring additional chemical reagents. In this context, YF spheres doped with Yb, Er, Tm (YF) are synthesized using a hydrothermal method and are subsequently coated with a layer of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) with Au nanoparticles (NPs) adsorbed onto the surface to create a core-shell structure, designated as YF: Yb, Er, Tm@CN-Au (abbreviated as YF@CN-Au). The core-shell composites demonstrate remarkable stability, broadband absorption, and exceptional photocatalytic activity across the ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) spectral range.