N-palmitoylethanolamide attenuates negative emotions induced by morphine withdrawal in mice.

Depression and anxiety are prominent symptoms of withdrawal syndrome, often caused by the abuse of addictive drugs like morphine. N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a biologically active lipid, is utilized as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic medication. Recent studies have highlighted PEA's role in mitigating cognitive decline and easing depression resulting from chronic pain.

Auraptene-ameliorating depressive-like behaviors induced by lipopolysaccharide combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice mitigate hippocampal neuroinflammation mediated by microglia.

An inflammatory response is one of the pathogeneses of depression. The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of auraptene have previously been confirmed. We established an inflammatory depression model by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection combined with unpredictable chronic mild stress (uCMS), aiming to explore the effects of auraptene on depressive-like behaviors in adult mice.

[Effects of Myospalax baileyi disturbance on plant community at alpine meadow in Three Rivers Headwater Region, China.].

Plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) is one of the major rodent species at the alpine meadow in Three Rivers Headwater Region. They eat plant roots, excavate many tunnels and deposit soil on the surface, which result in many exposed mounds to cover the aboveground part of plants. Here, taking plateau zokor mound density in a plot as their disturbance degree, we selected seven plots with different plateau zokor mound densities and one control plot which was not disturbed by plateau zokor to explore the effects of M.

Antidepressant and anxiolytic-like behavioral effects of erucamide, a bioactive fatty acid amide, involving the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in mice.

Erucamide (Era) is a bioactive fatty acid amide, which is similar to the classical endocannabinoid analogue oleoylethanolamide (OEA). In the present study, we hypothesized that Era may regulate the central nervous system and may have the potential to antagonize depression and anxiety. Therefore, we investigated the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of Era in animal models in comparison with fluoxetine (Fxt).

Variational first hyperpolarizabilities of 2,3-naphtho-15-crown-5 ether derivatives with cation-complexing: a potential and selective cation detector.

Crown ethers, as a kind of heterocycle, have been the subject of great interest over recent decades due to their selective capability to bind to metal cations. The use of a constant crown ether, such as naphtho-15-crown-5 (N15C5), and varied metal cations (Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Co, Ni, Cu) makes it possible to determine the contributions of the metal cations to nonlinear optical (NLO) responses and to design an appropriate NLO-based cation detector. N15C5 and its metal cation derivatives have been systematically investigated by density functional theory.

Nonlinear optical properties of rhenium(I) complexes: Influence of the extended π-conjugated connectors and proton abstraction.

The photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer chemistry is very crucial to the development of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with large first hyperpolarizability contrast. We have performed a systematic investigation on the geometric structures, NLO switching, and simulated absorption spectra of rhenium(I) complexes via density functional theory (DFT). The results show that the first hyperpolarizabilities (βvec) increase remarkably with further extending of the organic connectors.

Antidepressant-like effects of oleoylethanolamide in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress.

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endocannabinoid analog that belongs to a family of endogenous acylethanolamides. Increasing evidence suggests that OEA may act as an endogenous neuroprotective factor and participate in the control of mental disorder-related behaviors. In this study, we examined whether OEA is effective against depression and investigated the role of circulating endogenous acylethanolamides during stress.

Involvement of norepinephrine and serotonin system in antidepressant-like effects of oleoylethanolamide in the mice models of behavior despair.

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endocannabinoid analogy that belongs to a family of endogenous acylethanolamides. Increasing evidence suggests that OEA may act as an endogenous neuroprotective factor and participate in the control of mental disorder-related behaviors. In the present study, we investigated the antidepressant- like potential of OEA in mice in comparison with clomipramine (Cp).

Effects of 6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-tetrazolo[5,1-a]phthalazine on anticoagulation in mice and the inhibition of experimental thrombosis in rats.

: Thrombosis is a major complication that could be fatal in acute or chronic cardio-cerebral-vascular diseases. Therefore, the development of novel agents for anticlotting and the prevention of thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases are clinically significant. This study aimed to evaluate the anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects of 6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-tetrazolo[5,1-a]phthalazine (Q808), a new phthalazine tetrazole derivative.

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of 6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-tetrazolo[5,1-a]phthalazine in mice.

Background: QUAN-0808 (6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-tetrazolo[5,1-a]phthalazine), a new phthalazine tetrazole derivative, was evaluated for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Methods: Xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan (Carr)-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability hyperactivity in mice were used to assess the anti-inflammatory effect; acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate responses for the analgesic activity.

Results: In the present study, QUAN-0808 (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and indomethacin (Indo) significantly decreased xylene-induced ear edema by 33.

[Endogenous cannabinoid system and depression].

Endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) is highly conserved during evolution of the body's endocrine network. It is a regulator of mood, cognitive, autonomic nervous system and movement control system. ECS dysfunction can promote the progress and maintain of depression, phobia, and extreme anxiety.

[Clinical research on nasal endoscopic surgery for rhinogenous optic function damage].

Objective: To explore the surgical treatment of rhinogenous optic function damage (ROFD) through transnasal endoscopic approach.

Methods: Twenty-three patients (25 eyes) with ROFD were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were operated on through transnasal endoscopic approach, and 9 patients underwent endoscopic optic nerve decompression.

N-palmitoylethanolamide, an endocannabinoid, exhibits antidepressant effects in the forced swim test and the tail suspension test in mice.

The antidepressant-like effects of N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a putative endocannabinoid, was investigated in mice using the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swimming test (FST). In TST, PEA (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) produced a statistically significant reduction in immobility (50, 32, and 34%, respectively, vs. the control group), whereas fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) reduced immobility by 38%.

[The advances of research on vestibulo-cardiovascular reflexes].

Vestibulo-cardiovascular reflexes (VCR) is a complex sensory-motor regulatory system, it refers to changes in body posture, adequate stimulus acting at vestibular receptor and regulation of cardiovascular functions including blood pressure, cardiac rhythm via autonomic center. Excessive vestibular stimulation or unilateral labyrinth lesion may cause paradoxical reaction including vertigo, tachycardia, etc. The evidences, significance, neural circuit, and neurotransmitters of VCR are reviewed in this paper.

Synthesis and inotropic evaluation of 1-substituted-N-(4,5-dihydro-1-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-7-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamides.

A series of 1-substituted-N-(4,5-dihydro-1-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-7-yl) piperidine-4-carboxamides has been synthesized and evaluated for positive inotropic activity by measuring left atrium stroke volume in isolated rabbit-heart preparations. Some of these derivatives exhibited favorable activity compared with the standard drug, milrinone, among which 1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-N-(4,5-dihydro-1-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-7-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide 6a was the most potent, increasing stroke volume by 11.92+/-0.

Changes of amino acid concentrations in the rat medial vestibular nucleus following unilateral labyrinthectomy.

To understand the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the vestibular compensation, we determined the levels of amino acids such as aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, taurine, alanine in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL), by using in vivo brain microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Rats were pretreated by infusing 2% lidocaine 1.2 mL or 10 mg arsanilic acid into the tympanic cavity to obstruct uni-periphery vestibular organ, and then the levels of amino acids were determined in MVN of normal control and ipsilateral or contralateral lesional (ipsi-/contra-lesional) rats.

[Changes of glutamate and taurine released in the medial vestibular nucleus following acute hypotension].

In order to understand whether some special amino acids in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) of rats are involved in the regulation of blood pressure, we used microdialysis technique and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the changes of glutamate and taurine in this central area. Acute hypotension was induced by hemorrhage from the femoral artery. It was observed that the basal release of glutamate and taurine in the MVN was stable about 90 min after the beginning of microdialysis.

[Relationship between levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6 and airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis].

Objective: To investigate the relation between levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6 and airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Methods: Fifty-four patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and 20 controls were included in the study. The levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in nasal lavage fluid, gathered 1 hour after specific allergen nasal provocation test (SANPT), were detected by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

[Early intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute cerebral infarction].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and to explore the most suitable dosage of rt-PA in the early treatment of the Chinese patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).

Methods: The patients who suited for the standard were divided into three groups. Group A received rt-PA at 0.