Unlocking the potential of phenolated kraft lignin as a versatile feed additive.

Lignin, a renewable natural antioxidant and bacteriostat, holds promise as a versatile, cost-effective feed additive. However, traditional industrial lignin faces limitations, including low reactivity, poor uniformity, and unstable properties, necessitating chemical modification. Complex modification methods pose economic and toxicity challenges, so this study adopted a relatively simple alkali-catalyzed phenolization approach, using phenol, catechol, and pyrogallol to modify kraft lignin, and characterized the resulting products using various techniques.

[Influence of different sleep stages on respiratory regulation in normal humans].

Objective: To understand the influence of different sleep stages on respiratory regulation in normal people.

Methods: We measured ventilation (VE) and occlusion pressure (P0.1) responses to hyperoxia hypercapnia (deltaVE/deltaPaCO2, deltaP0.

[Respiratory control during sleep and the development of nocturnal hypoxia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome].

Objective: It is assumed that the reduced ventilatory control during sleep may be related to the nocturnal hypoxia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and daytime CO(2) retention.

Methods: Oxygen desaturation index (ODI(4)), sleep time spent when SaO(2) was below 90% (SIT(90)), the lowest SaO(2) (LSaO(2)) and the mean SaO(2) (MSaO(2)) during sleep were measured in 24 OSAHS patients with daytime PaCO(2) > or = 45 mm Hg and 39 with PaCO(2) < 45 mm Hg. Hypoxic (DeltaP(0.

[HLA-DRB and -DQB allele contribution to narcolepsy susceptibility in Chinese patients with narcolepsy].

Objectives: To study the association of narcolepsy with HLA class II alleles in Chinese narcoleptic patients.

Methods: 31 patients with narcolepsy underwent brain computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) testing. All patients received a MSLT test following a routine night's sleep, and serological HLA typing for HLA DR(2).