Publications by authors named "Hai-Yin Wu"

Although stroke is a frequent cause of permanent disability, our ability to promote stroke recovery is limited. Here, we design a small-molecule stroke recovery promoting agent that works by dissociating γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter 1 (GAT-1) from syntaxin1A (Synt1A), a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein. Stroke induces an increase in GAT-1-Synt1A interaction in the subacute phase, a critical period for functional recovery.

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Background: The objective of this study was to observe the incidence and potential risk factors of postoperative depression and anxiety in patients during the early period after undergoing orthognathic surgery.

Methods: From March 7 to September 7, 2023, patients ≥ 18 years of age who were scheduled for elective orthognathic surgery under general anesthesia in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were included in this study. We prospectively evaluated their degrees of pre- and postoperative depression and anxiety using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory.

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Objectives: This study evaluated the use of lidocaine spray for acute postsurgical pain control after posterior pharyngeal flap surgery.

Methods: Fifty patients aged 4 to 14 years who were scheduled to undergo elective posterior pharyngeal flap surgery were randomized to receive 2.4% lidocaine spray (Group L) or an identical volume of placebo spray (Group C) on the surgical field at the end of the surgery.

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Article Synopsis
  • Emergence agitation (EA) is a common issue in children recovering from sevoflurane anesthesia, and dexmedetomidine (DEX) is often used to prevent it.
  • This study aimed to find the optimal continuous infusion dose of DEX specifically for EA prevention in kids aged 3 to 7 undergoing dental procedures.
  • The results indicated that the effective dose (ED90) for preventing EA was 0.74 µg/kg/h, with a range of 0.67 to 1.05 µg/kg/h based on the analyzed responses from 45 pediatric patients.
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Stroke is the leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. But treatments are not available to promote functional recovery, and efficient therapies need to be investigated. Stem cell-based therapies hold great promise as potential technologies to restore function in brain disorders.

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Stroke usually causes prolonged or lifelong disability, owing to the permanent loss of infarcted tissue. Although a variety of stem cell transplantation has been explored to improve neuronal defect behavior by enhancing neuroplasticity, it remains unknown whether the infarcted tissue can be reconstructed. We here cultured human cerebral organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and transplanted them into the junction of the infarct core and the peri-infarct zone of NOD-SCID mice subjected to stroke.

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Background: The basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons are primarily glutamatergic and have been associated with emotion regulation. However, little is known about the roles of BLA neurons expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, Nos1) in the regulation of emotional behaviors.

Methods: Using Nos1cre mice and chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations, we specifically silenced or activated Nos1 or Nos1 neurons in the BLA, or silenced their projections to the anterdorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (adBNST) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC).

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Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability worldwide, and better drugs are needed to promote functional recovery after stroke. Growing evidence suggests the critical role of network excitability during the repair phase for stroke recovery. Here, we show that β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), an essential ketone body (KB) component, is positively correlated with improved outcomes in patients with stroke and promotes functional recovery in rodents with stroke during the repair phase.

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Chronic pain patients often have anxiety disorders, and some of them suffer from anxiety even after analgesic administration. In this study, we investigated the role of AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in chronic pain-induced persistent anxiety in mice and explored potential drug targets. Chronic inflammatory pain was induced in mice by bilateral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the planta of the hind paws; anxiety-like behaviours were assessed with behavioural tests; S-nitrosylation and AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission were examined using biochemical assays and electrophysiological recordings, respectively.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to assess whether the choice of nostril for nasotracheal intubation affects the time and success rate during oral and maxillofacial surgeries.
  • Fifty patients were split into two groups for intubation via the left or right nostril using a video rigid stylet, with various metrics such as time to intubation and success rates measured.
  • Results showed no significant differences in intubation times or success rates between the two nostrils, indicating that either nostril can be used effectively for this procedure.
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During eukaryotic cell division, chromosomes are linked to microtubules (MTs) in the spindle by a macromolecular complex called the kinetochore. The bound kinetochore microtubules (KMTs) are crucial to ensuring accurate chromosome segregation. Recent reconstructions by electron tomography (Kiewisz et al.

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Fetal exposure to inhaled anesthetics, such as isoflurane, may lead to neurodevelopmental impairment in offspring. Yet, the mechanisms of prenatal isoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity have not been fully elucidated. Gut microbiota is a pivotal modulator of brain development and functions.

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  • Exposure therapy is a way to help people with PTSD, but sometimes people still feel scared even after the therapy works.
  • Scientists found that a specific protein (nNOS) and its partner (CAPON) in the brain make it hard to remember that fear can go away.
  • By changing how nNOS and CAPON work together, they can help mice keep their extinction memory better, suggesting a new method for treating PTSD in humans.
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Overactivation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in the spinal cord dorsal horn (SDH) in the setting of injury represents a key mechanism of neuropathic pain. However, directly blocking NMDAR or its downstream signaling, interaction between postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), causes analgesic tolerance, mainly due to GABAergic disinhibition. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of preventing analgesic tolerance through co-targeting NMDAR downstream signaling and γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABARs).

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Stress-induced depression is common worldwide. NAc, a "reward" center, is recently reported to be critical to confer the susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and the depression-related outcome. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well characterized.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder subjects usually show impaired recall of extinction memory, leading to extinguished fear relapses. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying the impaired recall of extinction memory. We show here that the activity of dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) to infralimbic (IL) cortex circuit is essential for the recall of fear extinction memory in male mice.

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The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), which serves as a hub, receives dense projections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and projects to the lateral division of central amygdala (CeL). The infralimbic (IL) cortex plays a crucial role in encoding and recalling fear extinction memory. Here, we found that neurons in the PVT and IL were strongly activated during fear extinction retrieval.

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  • The study explores the diversity and evolutionary changes of the mitotic spindle in nematodes, providing insights into its regulation and dynamics.
  • Researchers combined quantitative genetics and biophysics to rule out various models and highlighted the importance of balancing cortical pulling forces for spindle behavior.
  • A new model was formulated that explains how interactions between microtubules and force generators affect spindle positioning and length, accounting for variations observed over 100 million years of nematode evolution.
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Neuropathic pain is usually persistent due to maladaptive neuroplasticity-induced central sensitization and, therefore, necessitates long-term treatment. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated hypersensitivity in the spinal dorsal horn represents key mechanisms of central sensitization. Short-term use of NMDAR antagonists produces antinociceptive efficacy in animal pain models and in clinical practice by reducing central sensitization.

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Understanding the coordination of cell-division timing is one of the outstanding questions in the field of developmental biology. One active control parameter of the cell-cycle duration is temperature, as it can accelerate or decelerate the rate of biochemical reactions. However, controlled experiments at the cellular scale are challenging, due to the limited availability of biocompatible temperature sensors, as well as the lack of practical methods to systematically control local temperatures and cellular dynamics.

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Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Shikani optical stylet (SOS) versus fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) for awake nasal intubation in head and neck surgery patients with an anticipated difficult airway.

Study Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Methods: This study involved 50 adult patients scheduled for elective head and neck surgery and presented with an anticipated difficult airway.

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Anxiety is common in patients suffering from chronic pain. Here, we report anxiety-like behaviors in mouse models of chronic pain and reveal that nNOS-expressing neurons in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are essential for pain-induced anxiety but not algesia, using optogenetic and chemogenetic strategies. Additionally, we determined that excitatory projections from the posterior subregion of paraventricular thalamic nucleus (pPVT) provide a neuronal input that drives the activation of vmPFC nNOS-expressing neurons in our chronic pain models.

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Article Synopsis
  • Environmental enrichment (EE) helps in stroke recovery by promoting brain healing and repair, but the exact way it works is still not fully understood.
  • Researchers studied HDAC2, a protein that slows down brain recovery, and found that it increases after a stroke.
  • They discovered that EE lowers HDAC2 levels, helping mice recover better from strokes, and suggest that targeting HDAC2 could be a new way to improve recovery for people who have had strokes.
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  • The high rate of relapse in drug abuse presents a major challenge, with environmental factors significantly influencing this issue.
  • Using a morphine conditioned place preference model, researchers identified that the interaction between neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is crucial for morphine-induced relapse.
  • Interfering with the nNOS-PSD-95 connection reduced relapse and corrected related CREB dysfunction, indicating that targeting this pathway could help prevent drug relapse.
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Spindle microtubules, whose dynamics vary over time and at different locations, cooperatively drive chromosome segregation. Measurements of microtubule dynamics and spindle ultrastructure can provide insight into the behaviors of microtubules, helping elucidate the mechanism of chromosome segregation. Much work has focused on the dynamics and organization of kinetochore microtubules, that is, on the region between chromosomes and poles.

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