Parenthood, Stress, and Well-Being among Cisgender and Transgender Gay and Lesbian Adults.

Objective: This study examines whether and how parenthood status is associated with two key aspects of health- mental well-being and smoking- among sexual minority adults across three gender identity groups: cisgender gay men, cisgender lesbian women, and transgender gay/lesbian adults.

Background: Parents tend to report worse health than non-parents due to elevated stress associated with parenting. However, most existing scholarship de facto examines parental status and health among cisgender heterosexual adults.