High level of initial Aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgE links increased risk of exacerbation in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis patients.

Background: Elevated Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus)-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is recognized as an essential diagnostic criterion for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). However, it remains unknown whether initial A.

Relation between vitamin D deficiency and Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in patients with bronchiectasis.

Background: The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) colonization in bronchiectasis patients is not well understood.

Methods: This study was conducted at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from June 2014 to May 2018.

Baseline characteristics of patients in the Chinese Bronchiectasis Registry (BE-China): a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: Bronchiectasis is a disease with a global impact, but most published data come from high-income countries. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with bronchiectasis in China.

Methods: The Chinese Bronchiectasis Registry (BE-China) is a prospective, observational cohort enrolling patients from 111 hospitals in China.

Psychometric Validation and Determination of the Minimal Clinically Important Difference for Bronchiectasis Health Questionnaire in Adults with Bronchiectasis.

Rationale: The Bronchiectasis Health Questionnaire (BHQ) is a concise, self-administered and disease-specific instrument for measuring health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) in bronchiectasis.

Objectives: To investigate the psychometric properties of simplified Mandarin BHQ and determine the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) as a reliable clinical endpoint for assessing the efficacy of bronchiectasis treatments.

Methods: A longitudinal, randomized controlled trial cohort of 357 patients treated with tobramycin inhalation solution or saline inhalation for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, along with a cross-sectional observational cohort including 436 patients with bronchiectasis were analyzed.

Destroyed lung contributes to the recurrence of hemoptysis after bronchial artery embolization in patients with post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis.

Background: Bronchiectasis has high rates of hemoptysis and recurrent hemoptysis, which is inconsistent among various etiologies. Idiopathic bronchiectasis and post-tuberculous bronchiectasis are two important etiologies in China, but the differences in clinical features and risk factors of recurrent hemoptysis have not been elucidated.

Methods: Patients hospitalized for idiopathic bronchiectasis or post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis were included.

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide, a potential biomarker for evaluating glucocorticoids treatment and prognosis in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is characterized by enhanced T2 inflammatory response. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement has been used as a valuable tool in predicting the development and management of asthma, another typical T2 inflammation. However, the clinical significance of FeNO in ABPA remains unclear.

A phase 4 multicentre, 2×2 factorial randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of tobramycin inhalation solution for eradication in bronchiectasis: ERASE.

Chronic (PA) infection significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in bronchiectasis patients. Initiating antibiotics early may lead to the eradication of PA. Here we outline the design of a trial (ERASE; NCT06093191) assessing the efficacy and safety of inhaled tobramycin, alone or with oral ciprofloxacin, in bronchiectasis patients with a new isolation of PA.

Quality-of-Life Bronchiectasis Respiratory Symptom Scale Predicts the Risk of Exacerbations in Adults with Bronchiectasis: A Prospective Observational Study.

The relationship between symptoms, measured using a validated disease-specific questionnaire, and longitudinal exacerbation risk has not been demonstrated in bronchiectasis. The aim of this study is to investigate whether baseline symptoms, assessed using the Quality-of-Life Bronchiectasis Respiratory Symptom Scale (QoL-B-RSS) and its individual component scores, could predict future exacerbation risk in patients with bronchiectasis. The study included 436 adults with bronchiectasis from three tertiary hospitals.

Application of 3D computed tomography in emphysematous parenchyma patients scheduled for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction.

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) is a feasible, safe, effective and minimally invasive technique to significantly improve the quality of life of advanced severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) automatic analysis software combined with pulmonary function test (PFT) was used to retrospectively evaluate the postoperative efficacy of BLVR patients. The purpose is to evaluate the improvement of lung function of local lung tissue after operation, maximize the benefits of patients, and facilitate BLVR in the treatment of patients with advanced COPD.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation is an important predictor for recurrent hemoptysis after bronchial artery embolization in patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Nearly half of bronchiectasis patients receiving bronchial artery embolization (BAE) still have recurrent hemoptysis, which may be life-threatening. Worse still, the underlying risk factors of recurrence remain unknown.

Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted of patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis who received BAE from 2015 to 2019 at eight centers.

Updated severity and prognosis score of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A multi-center cohort study in China.

Background: The high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) score is an important component of the severity and prognosis score of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (SPSP). However, the HRCT score in SPSP only considers the extent of opacity, which is insufficient.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated HRCT scores for 231 patients with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (APAP) from three centers of the China Alliance for Rare Diseases.

Altered fecal microbiome and metabolome in adult patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

Background: Emerging experimental and epidemiological evidence highlights a crucial cross-talk between the intestinal flora and the lungs, termed the "gut-lung axis". However, the function of the gut microbiota in bronchiectasis remains undefined. In this study, we aimed to perform a multi-omics-based approach to identify the gut microbiome and metabolic profiles in patients with bronchiectasis.

Metabolic Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Key Role of Flavonoids in Internode Coloration of cv. Viridisulcata.

Bamboo, being an ornamental plant, has myriad aesthetic and economic significance. Particularly, cv. Viridisulcata contains an internode color phenotype in variation in green and yellow color between the sulcus and culm, respectively.

CYFRA21-1 is a more sensitive biomarker to assess the severity of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Background: Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CYFRA21-1 are the commonly used biomarkers to identify patients with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (APAP). However, it is not clear which of the biomarkers is more sensitive to the severity of the patient's condition.

Methods: APAP patients numbering 151 were enrolled in this study.

Bronchoscopic airway clearance therapy for acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis.

Background: Persistent cough and large amounts of purulent sputum affects many bronchiectasis patients. No studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of bronchoscopic airway clearance therapy and bronchoalveolar lavage (B-ACT) for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients with acute exacerbation.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of B-ACT among 189 bronchiectasis inpatients from February 1, 2018 to February 28, 2019.

The Controversy About the Effects of Different Doses of Corticosteroid Treatment on Clinical Outcomes for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: An Observational Study.

Corticosteroid usage in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains controversial. We aim to explore the correlation between the different doses of corticosteroid administration and the prognosis of ARDS. All patients were diagnosed with ARDS on initial hospital admission and received systemic corticosteroid treatment for ARDS.

Corticosteroids alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and lung injury via inhibiting NLRP3-inflammasome activation.

The role of corticosteroids in acute lung injury (ALI) remains uncertain. This study aims to determine the underlying mechanisms of corticosteroid treatment for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and ALI. We used corticosteroid treatment for LPS-induced murine ALI model to investigate the effect of corticosteroid on ALI in vivo.

Assessing risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients presenting with symptoms in Shanghai, China: a multicentre, observational cohort study.

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to international concern. We aimed to establish an effective screening strategy in Shanghai, China, to aid early identification of patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We did a multicentre, observational cohort study in fever clinics of 25 hospitals in 16 districts of Shanghai.